sports dictionary Tennis
A GAME FROM THE SUMMER execute a kick without waiting for the ball to land. As a rule, the game is played from the summer at the net. Being in this part of the court, the player does not have time to wait for the rebound. Often strikes from the summer are performed with rotation. Playing with a closed racket, tennis players have the opportunity to deliver an accentuated kick on departure. If the ball is reflected by an open racket, then the ball is set to reverse rotation. Such a blow is more stable. The ball flies in an arc, which reduces the chance of a projectile hitting the net. In addition, the "round" moves away from the opponent after the rebound. This makes it even more difficult for him.
A SHARP BLOW a racket action that causes the ball to spin sideways or backward.
ACCESS TO THE GRID a tennis players maneuver when he moves closer to the dividing grid. As a rule, this is done to hit from the summer, maximize the games intensity, or reduce the angle of fire. Access to the net is fully justified if a high-quality aggravating blow was made before that. The opponent is forced to play soft or high. This makes it possible to perform the final kick from the summer. As an aggravating action that precedes reaching the net, a strong blow under the back line or a "shortened" one can act. Especially often, tennis players use exits to the net on fast surfaces (for example, on grass courts). The fact is that a rapid rebound significantly complicates the task of the enemy. Often the opponent simply returns the ball without attempting a dangerous kick. In such cases, access to the grid is very appropriate.
ACE serve for departure when the receiving player could not touch the ball with the racket. As a rule, the ace ends with a flat, powerful entry of the ball into play, after which the projectile hits closer to the edges of the square for serving. Rotation slows down the speed of flight, so tennis players prefer to use a minimum of "twisting" with a strong accentuated serve. Most tennis players try to submit for relegation in the first attempt. A strong serve is less reliable, so on the second attempt, athletes prefer a more stable flight of the ball with different rotations. Ace is a serious weapon on fast surfaces (grass or hard). A fast rebound gives you the opportunity to win a point with one hit. Naturally, to apply for departure, you must have impressive physical data. This applies to both growth and strength. Tall, powerful players make aces much more often.
ACTUAL TENSION the actual tension level of the string surface, which is always lower than the set parameter on the machine. After tightening the racket, the strings tend to lose a certain percentage of elasticity. That is why the actual tension will be less than the parameter set on the machine. An experienced stringer (a person who is engaged in hauling tennis rackets) always takes this error into account. The difference between the actual tension and the nominal one depends on the type of machine used, the characteristics of the strings and the size of the rim.
ADVANCED PLAYER an amateur who has reached a fairly high technical level and has some experience in participating in competitions. As a rule, such tennis players show good quality tennis and conduct regular training sessions. However, an advanced player cannot yet consider himself a professional. Constant self-improvement, the allocation of a huge temporary resource for tournaments and training can make an advanced tennis player a professional player. But in this case, it is tennis that should become the main occupation of life. It is impossible to maintain and raise the bar of skill without regular participation in competitions. Playing with masters, an advanced tennis player improves his class and gets closer to the professionals.
ADVANTAGE a situation where the serving player has won a point after the score is "exactly". To win a game, you must win four draws, while maintaining a gap of at least two goals from the opponent. If both players win by three points, the score becomes 40 40 or "exactly". In this case, you must win two draws in a row to win. If the server wins a point with the score "exactly", then he gets the advantage. The referee on the tower declares "advantage" and calls the player. This means that to win a game, the serving tennis player has to win only one point. In other words, "advantage" corresponds to the "more" score. If a tennis player fails to realize a game ball, the score becomes "even" again.
AMENDMENT the decision of the chief referee, which cancels the verdict of the line referee. As a rule, such actions are accompanied by a loud exclamation. A tennis match is served by a team of referees, which consists of a line referee and the main referee on the tower. Line umpires monitor their part of the court, spotting outs and other rule violations. All decisions are loudly announced. The chief judge can overturn the verdict of his colleague on the line. It is his word that is the most significant. If the referee on the tower does not agree with the line referee, he makes an "amendment".
AMERICAN WOMAN a variant of playing tennis when one athlete is opposed by a pair. Sometimes this competition is called "Canadian". In any case, this type of game can offset some of the difference in class. "American" is often used in the training process (for example, in childrens groups). In addition, the game of one tennis player against two can be a kind of handicap. This significantly increases the value of winning an athlete playing alone.
ATP Association of Professional Tennis Players (ATP). This organization was founded in 1972 as a body for the protection and representation of professional tennis players. When tennis got on the professional track, tournaments were combined into cycles. Today, the ATP organizes the most prestigious cycle of competitions, which are held under the name " ATP tour "(ATP tour). The ATP ranking is the official table of ranks, which is determined by scoring points. The number of points earned depends on the ranking of the tournament and how far along the grid the athlete will advance.
ATTACKERS tennis players who want to win a point with their active attacking and counterattacking actions (in series or combinations).
ATTACKING ACTIONS active offensive technical and tactical techniques, the tactical task of which is to achieve a victory or advantage in the game over the opponent.
AUTOGENIC TRAINING a set of exercises that allow you to control and direct the interaction of the nervous system, muscular system and internal organs of a person. As a system of psychophysical self-regulation, it serves as a reliable basis for maintaining and promoting health, well-being and overall tone. Autogenic training was developed by the well-known psychologist I. G. Schultz and is widely used in sports practice. With the help of autogenic training, you can learn to relax your muscles, concentrate or distract attention, control the autonomic nervous system and, through it, the activity of internal organs, achieve a state of rest, and inspire yourself with the desired behavior patterns.
BACK SPIN (BACKSPIN) a kick that reverses the balls rotation. This technique is also called "pruning". To perform a backspin, the racket must move from top to bottom. Thus, the ball is given a reverse rotation. "Round" flies in a high arc, which increases the safety of impact. The ball bounces high after the back spin. If the crop is heavily cropped, the "round" may bounce in the direction of the grid.
BACKHAND (BACKHAND) a type of kick in tennis, when the hand is turned to the ball with the back side. For a right-handed person, a backhand is a backhand, for a left – handed person, a right hand. Therefore, this technique is a transfer of the ball to the opponents side from the wrong side. Consider the situation with a right-handed player. If the ball goes under the left arm, then the tennis player has only one option – to use the backhand (you can still run under a comfortable arm, but this maneuver often does not have enough time). At the same time, he can simply make a flat kick or give the ball a spin. To perform a backhand, you need to make a swing. As a rule, this technical element is made with two hands. After that, the working hand begins to move towards the ball. The elbows of both hands should be bent. The corps is also directly involved in backhand training. You can break this punch down into two stages: twisting and straightening. It is clear that throughout the entire technical element, the ball must be in the field of view of the tennis player. There are one-handed and two-handed backhands. The latter are often used in womens tennis. The two-handed grip gives the punch extra strength and power.
BACKUP an element of the tennis net that is used to fix it if the poles are installed for doubles. This item is often referred to as a"single player rack". The height of the support is equal to the height of the net near the posts, if they were located for a one-on-one game. This parameter is 107 cm. The singles stands are placed at a distance of 91.4 cm from the side lines that limit the width of the doubles court. The support allows you to get the necessary tension and height of the net for single play, even if the poles are installed for doubles.
BALL BOY a special boy or youth who is part of the staff attending a tennis match. Ball boy collects balls between draws and after a failed first serve. It supplies "round" players. You can often see tennis players asking for a towel to wipe their face. This service is also part of bol Boys responsibilities.
BALL CONTROL the level of accuracy of the implementation of the tennis players idea. This characteristic manifests itself during the contact of the ball and the string surface. It is at this point that the player sets the "round" flight path, the force of impact and the degree of rotation. With poor ball control, all these parameters will not perfectly match the athletes desire and plan. The blow is delivered almost "blindly". This means that the player cannot be sure of the balls point of impact, its strength, or the degree of rotation. It is clear that such a performance of the blow does not correspond to a high level of professionalism. Experienced tennis players make most of their shots with extreme ball control. Qualification, an optimally selected racket and constant training help them do this. When the ball hits the playing spot of the string surface, the player implements the intended strike as accurately as possible.
BALL GIRL a girl who collects balls during a tennis match and serves them to the players. After a draw or an unsuccessful serve, the projectile must be removed from the court. Thats exactly what ball girl does. She also supplies the tennis player with balls and serves towels. Ball Girls skilled work allows you to minimize pauses in the game. The work of such personnel should be as unobtrusive as possible.
BALL IN PLAY the length of time the ball is held from the moment it is placed on the stationary palm of the free hand before it is intentionally tossed in service until it touches anything other than the playing surface, the net set, the racket in the hand, or the hand with the racket below the wrist, or until it is decided that a draw should be made. replay or it ends with a point. A player "interferes" with the ball if he, or anything he puts on or wears, touches the ball in play until the ball has passed behind his end line without touching half of that players table after the ball was last hit by an opponent. A ball is considered to have passed "over or around" a set of nets if it has passed in any way other than between the net and the net post or between the net and the playing surface. Form of clothing. Game clothing should generally consist of a short-sleeve shirt and shorts or a skirt, socks and game shoes; other items, such as a tracksuit or part of it, may only be worn during the game with the permission of the head referee. The primary colors of the shirt, skirt or shorts, other than the sleeves and collar of the shirt, must be clearly distinguishable from the color of the ball used in the game. Players of the same team participating in a team match, as well as players of the same association forming a pair in a doubles match, must be dressed identically, with the possible exception of socks and shoes. In this case, players or pairs of opponents must perform in clothing that is sufficiently distinguishable so that the audience can easily distinguish them from each other. If opposing players or opposing teams dressed in the same way cannot agree on who should change their colors, the decision must be made by drawing lots.
BALL SENSE the feeling of striking as a holistic intuitive movement, which is based on precisely adjusted balance and correct timing. The quality and accuracy of the stroke depends on the technique of execution. However, an equally important condition is the psychophysical sensation and understanding of the result of each movement. This is called the "ball sense", which determines the degree of accuracy of the planned technical element. Ball sense is a complex individual feature of a tennis player. This feature is quite flexible and requires constant development. Only a clear and sustained training process can help develop a good ball sense. To do this, you need to allocate a lot of time to work out a specific strike. Over time, the player will perform the element almost "automatically". For example, a tennis player will know exactly how much rotation a certain movement of the hand leads to, and so on. A good ball sense helps the athlete correctly calculate all the parameters of the kick: depth, force, direction of flight, and rotation.
BALL TRACKING (POSTING) the final phase of the impact technical element, which begins after the racket contacts the ball. Wiring makes it possible to increase the degree of control of the flight path and impact force. In addition, accompanying the ball with a racket can be considered the initial stage of the next movement. Wiring helps the tennis player to get into the starting position as quickly and naturally as possible. Most often, tracking the ball is an inertial loop-like movement. For example, when a right-handed forehand is hit from a rebound, the racket ends almost at the left shoulder.
BALL TRANSFER a radical change in the direction of flight of the projectile during a retaliatory strike. Players often play in a zone where their opponent is already present. They expect that the opponent will start moving in the other direction. Powerful blows to the opponents sector are designed to exert some psychological pressure. It is not uncommon to see a pattern when players persistently exchange crosses, almost without moving along the back line. In this situation, each of them can change the pace and rhythm of the draw by moving the ball to another sector of the court. This action is quite promising and aggressive. Sending the ball along the line, the player hits the open part of the court. This means that his opponent will have to cover a decent distance to respond. This translation often takes the player by surprise. The ball transfer can be more than linear. If a player accepts a ball sent down the line and makes a cross, then this action is called a "diagonal transfer".
BEAT RHYTHM duration of phases when performing a technical element. This parameter depends on the situation on the court and the level of training of the tennis player. Here are some important factors that affect the rhythm of a beat:: speed of the ball; type of kick; direction of the ball; court surface; position on the court. The closer the point of contact of the string surface with the ball is to the net, the higher the rhythm of the beat. This is explained by the reduction of the time resource for making a decision and implementing it. Responding to a heavy blow from an opponent or playing from the summer also implies an increase in the percussive rhythm. The swing amplitude decreases or the racket is simply substituted, setting the ball the necessary trajectory. The rhythm of strokes in tennis directly depends on the surface of the court. A slow rebound gives you more time to prepare and implement the technical element. On the grass, the rhythm of the kick, on the contrary, increases significantly.
BLOCKING KICK a technical element in lawn tennis that is most often performed at the net. The reception is done almost without a swing. The power of the opponents punch is used. The racket is "substituted" under the ball, setting it the desired trajectory and rotation. In this case, the hand and forearm should be a rigid structure. When performing a blocking kick, the ball can be given additional acceleration. To do this, you should take a step towards the "round". It is also possible to set the ball to reverse rotation. This effect is achieved by simply deflecting the racket. A twisted ball is more likely to end up in the opponents half of the field after a blocking shot.
BLOW FROM THE SUMMER kick the ball until it bounces off the court.
BREAK winning a game on someone elses serve. In a separate game, only one of the tennis players enters the ball into play. This privilege passes from player to player in turn. First, one tennis player serves in a game, and in the next game, another player will serve. As a rule, the chances of winning a game are higher on your own serve. This is especially noticeable in mens tennis, where a strong and accurate serve is the most important factor. To win a set, you must protect all "your" games and win at least one game on someone elses serve. Winning a game on someone elses serve is called a "break". The most commonly used expression is "made (made) a break". If your own serve was lost, then a positive result in the set will require more breaks. In tennis, there is also a concept of "mini-break", which means a point won when an opponent serves on a tiebreak.
BREAK POINT possibility of winning a game on the opponents serve.
BREED move the ball to different corners of the court, forcing the opponent to do a lot of running work. This pattern of play can be observed when one of the tennis players has some advantage in the draw. The player transfers the ball in crosses or along a line to the corners that are opposite to the opponents location. In this case, the main task of the opponent is to get to the ball and break the projectile through the net. With a good "layout" , we are not talking about active counterplay. To effectively spread the opponent in the corners, you need to have a strong and accurate shot. Transfers of the ball with a reserve can cause loss of initiative. Therefore, it is necessary to breed blows at the corners or closer to the line. Most often, the breeding player wins a point. However, a defending tennis player can change things on the court. High-quality reception or" reading " of the situation allows you to even out the chances of winning the draw.
BUMPER a special pad (most often made of plastic) that protects the upper part of the racket rim from involuntary impacts on the court. Players often have to hit a ball that is close to the surface of the court. In such cases, the rim can touch the surface of the court, which often causes deformation of the racket or more serious consequences. Also, the bumper is a means of protection against scratches and other visual defects.
CANDLE (CANDLE) a kick that sends the ball along a high trajectory. This technical element, as a rule, solves the following tasks: drawing an opponent who has moved to the grid; providing an additional temporary resource for moving around the site. The opponent who has come to the net bares the back of the court. It is this sector that becomes the target for the "candle". It is important to accurately calculate the trajectory of the ball. A candle that is too low can easily be intercepted by your opponent. Such unsuccessful attempts to throw an opponent often end with a knockout smash. Often, the candle is used to slow down the draw. A high kick can knock down the attacking rush or disrupt the preparation of a striking attack. The candle should be sent under the back line. This will make it harder for the opponent to perform an accentuated counterattack.
CANNON FEED powerful accentuated ball entry into the game. Such feeds virtually eliminate any rotation. The ball is sent flat from point to point. Additional rotation slows down the balls flight, which is unacceptable for a cannon feed. The speed of serving in professional tennis often exceeds the mark of 200 km / h. Such indicators, as a rule, can boast powerful and physically developed players. Growth is also an important factor. Tall athletes are much more likely to bet on cannon pitches. A strong and accurate serve is a great start to build an attack. In addition, this entry of the ball into the game can end with an ace. However, powerful and fast pitches are associated with a high risk of an out. That is why the cannon version of entering the ball into the game is most often performed on the first attempt.
CATCH A HIT return to the previous level of performance of technical elements and adjust timing (coordination of all movements during impact) after a long break in the game. For any professional or amateur, its important to keep in shape all the time. Only in this case can you expect to save or improve the quality of the game. If for any reason a tennis player does not go on the court for a long time, then he loses his condition. This is manifested in the deterioration of the striking technique and the loss of optimal timing. In such cases, the player needs to "catch the kick". Through active training, the tennis player recovers his technique. Carefully practicing all types of strokes, the athlete reaches his usual level.
CHALLENGE the ability to determine the point of contact of the ball with the surface of the court using the Hawk Eye system. If a player is not sure of the referees decision, they can challenge it electronically. Each tennis player has the right to a fixed number of challenges per set, which is determined by the tournament rules. Powerful computers and 10 cameras installed on the court at different angles provide error-free accuracy. A special program perfectly calculates the trajectory of the ball, giving the exact point of contact of the projectile with the court. When a player asks for a challenge, the game is interrupted. On a large monitor, game participants, referees and spectators watch a graphic representation of the disputed kick. A final decision is made based on the result of Hawkeyes work. After that, the referee announces the number of challenges that remain at the disposal of the tennis player.
CHALLENGE ROUND outdated system for determining the winner of a tennis tournament. This option assumed the participation of last years winner only in the final match. The tennis player who won the trophy last season played exclusively in the final match. Until then, the reigning champion was waiting for the second finalist, who was determined during the qualifying matches. The challenge round system was abolished as early as 1921, but in the Davis Cup, this option of determining the champion was relevant until 1972.
CHALLENGER an ATP Junior Series tournament. Such competitions provide an opportunity for beginners, intermediate tennis players or players after an injury to get the necessary points to get into the main draw or qualify for higher-ranked tournaments. The next step in the ATP hierarchy is occupied by tournaments from the ATP 250 series, and challengers are considered as a preparatory or transitional stage of their career. The prize pool can range from $ 35,000 to $ 150,000. In 2011, for the first time, the ATP organized the Final Tournament of the Challenger Tour (similar to the Final tournament of the ATP tour). Almost all tennis stars and players of the first hundred took part in the challenges at one time. These competitions are an excellent platform for testing your strength against the background of good novice players or strong middle peasants.
CHANGING SIDES the transition of tennis players to opposite halves of the court. This action takes place to ensure a level playing field for both players. This is especially true when playing in open areas, where the weather (wind, sun) makes its own adjustments. After the first game, the opponents change sides. The same procedure is repeated after each odd game.
CHECK STEP a leg movement in which a tennis player pushes off with one foot at the start of a stroke and lands on both feet. The last phase makes it possible to increase the area of support and balance the body. The check step is used during strokes that are made in motion. In other words, when a technical element is performed "at a step". In such cases, the supporting leg becomes a push leg at the moment of impact. Landing on two legs allows you to start a new movement as quickly as possible.
CHILDRENS PLAYGROUND a place for playing table tennis, where there is a table and areas for moving players. As a rule, the site is fenced off with sides. A place for playing table tennis can serve as: indoor room, hall, stage, sports hall with plank or parquet floors; outdoor equipped place. When playing indoors, the playground must have the following minimum dimensions per table: for competitions in physical culture teams of schools, district and city scales: length 8 m and width 4.5 m; for regional and republican competitions: length 10.5 m and width 5 m. The room must be at least 4 m high.
CHOP (CHOP) a sharp cut that sets a serious reverse spin on the ball. The racket moves at high speed from top to bottom and across the body. This makes it possible to give the ball the necessary spin and provide a complex rebound. Sometimes, after a" chop", the ball can bounce in the direction of the net or even fly back over it. The word "chop "is translated from English as"chop". This definition is very appropriate for this technical element.
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM moving the ball to a point on the court from which the opponent is at a great distance. This term is used to define a very precise strike (hit to the spot). A tennis player who performs a good classification has a serious advantage over his opponent. Such a player is able to make an accurate translation along the line or diagonally at the right moment. Classification is often used by professionals who are confident in their technical arsenal. To complicate the task, it is not uncommon for blows to the spot to be accompanied by a serious rotation. In this case, the opponent is faced not only with an impressive distance to the ball, but also with an unpredictable rebound.
CLOSED COUNTER position during the execution of a kick, when the player is with his back to the net or sideways. In this case, the kick is performed due to the strength of the hands. The tennis player leans on an opposite leg (right-handed on the left), which eliminates the effective connection of the body. A closed stand is an emergency way to move the ball to the wrong side. A tennis player may find himself in such an awkward position when deflecting an outgoing knock-out shot, a circle shot, or after a successful "candle" from an opponent. After performing a technical element from a closed rack, it is important for the player to take a comfortable position to continue the draw. With your back to the opponent, it is very difficult to complete this task.
CLOSED RACKET the position of the racket at the time of impact, when the reflective surface is at an acute angle relative to the trajectory of the ball (the top of the rim is tilted forward). A closed racket is used to perform topspins, direct rotation kicks (the ball rotates in the direction of movement). In addition, this position of the string surface is typical for sharp accentuated strokes "in place" (for example, a long cross). Most of the ball transfers are carried out with a closed racket. The only exceptions are cut punches or shortened punches from the summer. Close racket strikes are performed less frequently near the net. This position of the reflective surface is effective for a decisive knock-out kick or a short cross.
COMBING THE BALL a slang expression that means that the string surface moves tangentially to the ball. In modern tennis, clean flat strokes are practically not used. The vast majority of technical elements are complicated by various spins (top, bottom, side, combined). In this case, the ball spins around its axis. This effect is achieved by a sliding movement of the racket, which can be visually compared to combing your hair. Therefore, the slang expression "comb the ball" appeared. It is this "barber" movement that tennis players set the direction of rotation.
COMEBACK "return" of the tennis player to the game. This term is often used when a player draws a game, set, or match from a very difficult score. For example, in a Grand Slam tournament, an athlete loses the first two sets. His opponent has only one game left to win for the overall victory. If a player manages to pull himself together and snatch the remaining three sets, then we can safely talk about a comeback. Similar situations can occur in a game. If a tennis player was able to leave triumphantly with a crushing score of 0 40, then he made a comeback in a particular game. Very often, the term "comeback" is used to describe a game break in a particular set. For example, a tennis player may fail to start a game by losing several opening games. As a rule, professionals with such a score confidently bring the set to victory. However, it is not uncommon for a losing athlete to snatch an almost lost game. This turn of events looks very impressive and emotional. This is a real comeback.
COMFORT ZONE OF IMPACT the height range in which the player is most comfortable to receive the ball. For most tennis players, this spectrum starts from the middle of the shin and ends at chest level. If the ball is in a comfortable strike zone, then it is much easier for the player to correctly and effectively execute the intended technical element. The tennis player must take into account the trajectory of the flight and the amplitude of the swing. The string surface should meet the ball at the optimal point, which will allow you to provide the necessary force and accuracy to the blow. For each tennis player, the comfortable strike zone is individual. However, it is still extremely close to the reference range.
COMPETITION CIRCLE a stage of a tennis tournament that consists of a series of games for the right to advance to the next round. The circular approach is typical for the Olympic system of determining the winner. Tennis players who win their game advance further on the grid. Losing athletes leave the competition. A round of competitions can correspond to different stages of the tournament (for example, the first round, 1/8 finals, etc.) Fans and sports experts often use such phrases: "a player made it to the next round", "this round of competitions brought a lot of sensations" , etc.
COMPETITIVE ACTIVITIES game activities of table tennis players in competitive conditions.
CONSOLATION the Olympic system of competitions, which is supplemented by a consolation tournament for players who have suffered a fiasco in the first round. The winner of such a consolation competition receives a separate prize. After the first circle, two parallel grids are created. One of them is the main one (the winner of the tournament is determined by it), while the other one is a consolation competition. The console system is very rarely used in professional tournaments (almost never). This type of competition is more typical for competitions among veterans. In this way, well-deserved older players can enjoy the tournament atmosphere and stay on the court longer.
CONTACT AREA part of the space where the string surface of the racket touches the ball. Such a zone can be from 10 to 20 cm. The size of the contact area depends on the type of impact, the technique of the tennis player and the characteristics of the racket. The harder the string surface, the faster the ball bounces. This means that the contact area is close to the minimum values. You should also take into account the impact features. If a tennis player rigidly substitutes a racket when playing near the net, then the ball is reflected very quickly from the string surface. And if the kick is performed with a strong rotation, then the racket "combs" the ball much longer. The contact area for these strikes will be significantly different.
COUNTER-ATTACK a roll performed on a ball that has an upper rotation (a roll-on response).
COUNTER-STRIKE the direction of the ball in the opposite direction from the opponents movement. The projectile is sent to the area of the court from which the opponent started moving. An accurate counterstroke often ends up winning a point. The fact is that it is quite difficult for a tennis player to change the direction of movement abruptly. If a player starts moving around the court, the counter move causes them to regroup and return to the starting point. Here it all depends on how far away the tennis player is from the ball and how unexpected such a blow has become for him. Very often, a counterstrike is performed "on pause". At the swing stage, the athlete analyzes the future movement of his opponent. If you managed to determine the direction of displacement or the opponent started to change the dislocation point in advance, then you can make a counter-move.
COUNTERATTACKING ACTIONS active technical and tactical techniques used in response to the opponents attacking actions.
COUNTERPLAY counter game in response to active actions of the opponent.
COUNTERTONE return spin, an even stronger top spin performed on the ball returned by the opponent with a strong top spin (top spin on top spin, the so-called "twist" or twist).
COURT MASTER a special employee who is responsible for the quality of coverage and maintenance of the court. It is the responsibility of the court maester to maintain the cleanliness and characteristics of the site. Different coatings have their own nuances of care. For example, dirt courts require regular leveling and cleaning of the court surface. For this purpose, special devices are used, which are called "travois". The meister court of the grass court monitors the quality and height of the grass. The professional work of the court master ensures the safety of players and the necessary coverage parameters for comfortable use of the court.
CROSS STEP a sideways movement in which the first step is taken by a dissimilar leg. For example, the player needs to move to the right. First, step with the left foot. In the final phase of the first movement, the legs are crossed. The left one becomes the reference one. The next step is already done with the right foot. At the end of the side step, the athlete finds himself in the starting stand-his feet are approximately shoulder-width apart. The number of such cycles depends on the distance that the tennis player needs to cover. In this case, the opposite leg can go both in front of the reference one and behind it. Players sometimes use this kind of sideways movement to move around the back line. However, most often a cross step can be seen when a tennis player moves back from the net to perform a smash (overhead kick). In this case, the body and hip line of the player are almost perpendicular to the cable. The athlete constantly keeps the ball in sight, and moves in cross steps to the optimal point for an accentuated overhead kick.
CROSS-SECTION pruning over the table or at a short distance from the table on the ball with a lower rotation.
CUT (BALL) kick, after which the ball is set to reverse rotation. This effect is achieved by moving the racket from top to bottom during the contact of the string surface with the projectile. At the same time, the upper part of the rim should be slightly tilted back. The hand and the racket form a right angle, which is maintained throughout the entire technical element. Reverse rotation provides an unpleasant fading bounce. With a strong "twist", the ball may fly off towards the net after touching the court. A cut ball is typical for creeping and shortened punches. You can set the reverse rotation with either a forehand or a backhand.
CUT PUNCH (CUTTER) Cut shot (cutter) – transfer to the opponents half, during which the ball is set to reverse rotation. To do this, the racket moves forward and down during contact with the projectile. It is this "combing" movement that sets the necessary axis of rotation. The cutter is a fairly common blow. This technical element is performed both from the back line and when playing at the net. A distinctive feature of the cut kick is the fading low rebound. This makes it harder for your opponent to work. Most often, the reverse rotation of the ball is set during the execution of shortened or slow creeping shots under the back line. The cutter is made by backhand and forehand. It is important to correctly calculate the trajectory of the ball and the point of contact of the projectile with the string surface. In this case, you can count on a high-quality cut that will cause a lot of trouble to your opponent.
DAVIS CUP competition of mens national tennis teams. The tournament is a kind of world championship. At the origins of this competition were four students from Harvard. Among them was Dwight Davis, after whom the Cup was later named. The first drawing of the trophy took place in 1900. Only two teams competed for the prize: the United States and Great Britain. More successful were tennis players from America, among whom was Davis himself. The tournament has steadily evolved and gained popularity. In 1979, the Davis Cup was held under the auspices of the ITF (International Tennis Federation). Now more than 100 national teams take part in the draw. All of them are divided into different levels and geographical groups (America, Europe/Africa, Asia/Oceania). The trophy itself is contested by the 16 strongest teams that make up the World Group. The classic Olympic system is used to determine the winner. First-placed teams in their respective groups can advance to the next level. The team of the First Group, which finished the season in the leading position, fights with the outsider of the World Group. The winner of this match remains among the strongest for next season and can claim to win the Davis Cup. The same transition matches are played at lower levels. Each national team match consists of five games: four singles matches and one doubles match. To win overall, you must win at least three games.
DECEPTIVE ACTIONS (FEINTS) technical and tactical techniques used to misinform the opponent in the form of false additional actions, feints, etc. False actions that confuse the opponent, disguise the true direction of the kick or rotation of the ball, distracting movements; deceptive, non-standard, "bypass" strikes.
DEEP BALL kick when a "round" is sent under the back line. This technical element is included in the category of complex ones. The fact is that the slightest error in calculating the flight path or a defect in the execution of a blow leads to the loss of a point. The ball goes out. However, professionals often play deep balls. The risk turns out to be quite justified. It is much more difficult to deflect blows directed under the back line. In addition, the possibility of an acute response is virtually eliminated. Beginners or players who are "not playing well" try to avoid deep balls. They use shots with a margin, reducing the chance of an out. However, such ball transfers are more convenient for the opponent. Therefore, when playing with a reserve, you need to be prepared for serious running work.
DEEP CROSS oblique diagonal kick with a long trajectory of the ball. As a rule, the "round" after such a technical element is lowered in the area of the corner of the site. If the opponents are on the same line (opposite each other), then a deep cross is an excellent choice for winning action. A strong oblique kick to the corner is often simply out of reach for the opponent. A deep cross is not necessarily sent to the free part of the site. Often, this kick returns the ball to the sector where the opponent is already located. The trajectory and depth of the cross create certain problems for the opponent even in this situation.
DEFAULT a situation where a player is removed from the tournament. Such an unpleasant thing happens if a tennis player systematically violates the rules prescribed in the Players Code of Conduct. Professional tennis has long ceased to be just a game. This sport has a multi-million audience. This means that athletes must adhere to certain norms of behavior on and off the court. There is a 4-step penalty system in which default (withdrawal) is the last resort. At the first violation of the Code of Conduct, the referee makes an oral remark to the player. The second offense is punishable by awarding a point in favor of the opponent. If an athlete makes a mistake for the third time, the game is taken away from him. After the fourth violation of the Code, the referee has the right to remove the tennis player from the tournament. This capital punishment is called default.
DEFENDERS tennis players who wait for the opponents mistakes and try to win a point with complex cuts, individual single strokes and deceptive actions.
DEPARTURE RECEPTION reception of the opponents serve, after which he could not touch the ball with the racket. Naturally, the projectile must hit the scoring area of the court. A takedown can usually be observed after an unsuccessful or weak pitch. As a rule, on the second attempt, tennis players try to put the ball into play more reliably. This means that the feed rate takes a back seat, giving way to rotation. Experienced players can easily calculate the rebound and, taking advantage of the slow flight of the ball, perform a fly-out reception. Immediately after serving, the opponent is attacked quite rarely. Most often, tennis players who practice aggressive tactics try to perform a departure reception. Also, such a quick version of the development of the draw is suitable after an unconvincing or convenient submission. Almost any kick that leaves the ball out of reach can become a fly-out technique. Most often, these are short crosses, line transfers, or dashes (if the opponent has started moving towards the net after serving).
DEPARTURE SUBMISSION serve to the correct square, after which the opponent could not touch the ball. Very often fans and sports commentators use the alternative term "ace". Submission for departure is an important component for the overall victory in the match. Most often, aces are performed on a fast surface (grass, hard), which is explained by a faster rebound. It is clear that high speed and extreme accuracy serve as a help for such non-taking serves. Most often, aces are achieved by physically developed high tennis players. It is these athletes who have the opportunity to make the most of their anthropometric data. As a rule, the feed for departure practically does not involve rotation. A twisted ball loses speed, which reduces the chances of a clean ace.Serves for departure are peculiar not only to mens tennis. Many elegant girls are also able to perform ace. And the legendary Serena Williams can compete with many men in the number of innings for departure.
DEPTH OF FLIGHT OF THE BALL (IMPACT) the length of the projection of the balls trajectory onto the court. A deep kick is considered to be moving the ball under the back line. This technical element carries a serious risk of getting caught out. A deep punch is a heavy technical element that sets a rather serious task for the opponent. Such a ball is difficult to handle. It is even more difficult to respond with an aggressive attack. The depth of the balls flight can be different. Short putts are dropped near the net or in squares to serve. Mid-depth shots are aimed at the center section of the court. Moving the ball to the center of the court is considered a very unfortunate action. Such strikes are very convenient for handling and dangerous counterattacks.
DIAGONAL the direction of the balls flight from one corner of the table to another, diametrically opposite. For example, from the left corner of the players table to the left corner of the opponents table is the left diagonal.
DIRECT LINE the direction of flight of the ball, in which the trajectory of its flight runs parallel to the side line of the table.
DISQUALIFICATION ban on participation in tennis tournaments for a certain period of time. Such a serious penalty applies only in the case of egregious violations. There are special authorities that carefully review each episode and determine the degree of guilt of the athlete. Throughout the whole time, a desperate struggle is being waged for the purity of the sport. This is especially true for professionals. Lawn tennis is no exception. The two biggest problems are match – fixing and taking illegal drugs. Tennis players who are involved in sports fraud or are found to have used doping can be disqualified for different periods. There are even precedents for a lifetime suspension.
DISRUPT THE STRIKE perform a technical element with a large margin of error. This happens when the ball makes contact with the string surface at a point outside the playing spot. In such a situation, the projectile flies along a completely unpredictable trajectory. Often, the failure of a shot leads to the loss of a point or the transfer of the initiative to the opponent. The loss of a point after a missed shot is considered an unforced error.
DISSIMILAR LEG the farthest leg from the direction of movement or the side of impact. This term is often used in the training process. If the kick is delivered from the right, then the left leg is dissimilar. If a tennis player, for example, moves with a side step to the left, then the right leg is dissimilar in this case.
DOUBLE MISTAKE a situation where both of the players serves were executed incorrectly (the ball went out of bounds or into the net). Two attempts are given to bring the ball into play. If both serves fail to reach their target (hitting the square without touching the net), the referee declares a "double fault". A point is awarded to the receiving player.
DRAW OF LOTS procedure for determining the full draw of a tennis tournament by drawing lots. This process rarely gets the attention of a wide audience. Meanwhile, it is the draw that is one of the most important points that determines the chances of each tennis player for a successful performance. Athletes may be present when drawing lots. At least two contestants must be present to make the draw. However, one of them must be a foreigner. Each tournament has seeded players who have a high current ranking. It is clear that these tennis players (female tennis players) are of particular interest to sports fans. Therefore, strong players are bred so that they cannot meet in the early stages. Unseeded players have equal status. They can get into any free line of the tournament grid. The draw is also called the procedure for drawing the order of submission. The referee flips a coin, and the contestants guess the result. The player who is right determines the first pitcher.
DRESS CODE requirements for the appearance and clothing of an athlete who has entered the tennis court. A large section in the "Players Code of Conduct"is devoted to this nuance. The permitted clothing is described in detail, as well as the number and size of advertising elements on the athletes equipment are normalized. If the referee finds any inconsistency with the generally accepted dress code, he must make a remark to the athlete. The player must clean up as soon as possible.
DRIVE ALLEY (DRIVE volley) a fly kick that sets the ball to top spin. This technical element is relevant if a tennis player is near the net or on the half court (middle of the court). It is in this case that it is possible to make a sweeping wall drive without waiting for the ball to bounce. After drive volley, the ball flies low over the net at high speed. Often such a blow brings victory in the draw. It is convenient to perform a volley drive when the ball is at the level of the upper torso. If the" round "is flying over the player, then the"smash" is more effective. If the ball has dropped to an inconvenient height for driving, then it is better to play a cut shot with a lower rotation.
DROP SHOT a cut, shortened punch. This is a very effective technique, which often puts the opponent in a dead end. The fact is that the drop shot is performed with a reverse rotation. The ball lands close to the net, and the rebound is directed away from the opponent. Sometimes, with a strong rotation, the "round" can fly back over the fence. The main task of a drop shot is to break the game tempo. A shortened kick should come as a surprise to the opponent. Very often, a tennis player who feels insecure in long draws interrupts them with a drop shot. When performing a drop shot, tennis players give the ball a spin (reverse or combined). This provides a more complex rebound. A shortened cut is especially relevant if the opponent is on the back line or has run out of the court. In this case, a successful drop shot becomes a spectacular end to the draw.
DROP VOLLEY a shortened stroke that has been performed since the summer. This technical element is often used when playing near the net or in the middle of the court. To perform drop volleys, the brush and racket must form a rigid structure. The string surface is placed under the opponents kick, directing the ball to an unprotected sector of the court closer to the net. As a rule, the ball is set to reverse rotation. This effect is achieved by simply tilting the rim of the racket "on itself". A shortened kick from the summer is a very important element in lawn tennis. Drop waves allow you to increase the dynamics of the draw without waiting for a rebound. Very often, such strikes become an unsolvable task for the opponent.
DRY PAYOFF win the set by the largest margin. This means that one of the tennis players won six games, and the other could not take any. The set score is 6-0. As a rule, such results are found in matches of opponents of different classes. A more skilled player can easily take a game on the opponents serve, but for his counterpart to make a break is an impossible task. Sometimes a player who fails the start of a set (for example, when the score is 0-4) simply finishes the game and saves energy for the next one. In this case, the result 0 6 may not reflect the actual difference in the class. Many impulsive athletes often give the game "under zero", having fallen into a psychological pit. The expression "won dry" can refer not only to the set, but also to the whole match. This term is relevant if one of the tennis players failed to win a single game. For example, the score in sets is 2-0 (a three-set match) or 3-0 (a five-set match).
DVUHODOVKA logical combination of two technical and tactical techniques (moves), the purpose of which is to create a game advantage or win a point. Two-passers happen on their own serve, at the reception of the serve, and during the game.
ELASTICITY characteristics of a string or string surface. This quality determines the ability of the reflective part of the tennis racket to return to its previous state after contact with the ball. In other words, elasticity describes the time it takes for a string or string surface to return to its original state after being deformed. It is very important for a tennis player to maintain optimal elasticity. If the strings begin to lose their qualities, the efficiency of technical elements significantly decreases. The player is unable to properly control the flight path, impact force, and rotation. That is why it is necessary to regularly tighten the racket and monitor the condition of the strings. This will help maintain elasticity and other characteristics at the proper level, which will ensure a comfortable game and enjoyment of lawn tennis.
ENTERING THE BALL (KICK) movement towards the ball during the execution of a kick. This maneuver allows you to increase the impact power. The ball entrance is often used during kicks from the summer or on the rising ball. The player moves towards the projectile, choosing the optimal moment for the ball and racket to touch. Entering the kick is also relevant when playing on the back line. This technique allows you to send the ball deep into the other half of not too powerful players (women, youth athletes).
EPONYMOUS LEG the leg that corresponds to the players direction of movement or the side of the kick. If a tennis player starts to move along the back line to the left, then the left leg is of the same name. If, for example, a right-handed tennis player intends to make a forehand, then in this case it is the right leg that will be of the same name.
EPROUCHI (APPROACH ) a strike that sets the stage for active attacking actions. As a rule, "eprouchi" is an accurate deep translation of the ball, which forces the opponent to move to a certain sector of the court. In this case, the attacking player has the prospect of delivering a decisive blow to an unprotected part of the court. The preparatory strike should pose a serious problem for the opponent. A technical element cannot be called "eprouchi" if the opponent manages a good accentuated response. Very often, a high-quality shortened one forces the opponent to make a dash to the net and, getting the ball, play along a high trajectory. After such actions, as a rule, there is a final knockout kick to the open part of the court. In this case, the shortened one falls under the category of "eprouchi".
EXCHANGE OF BLOWS a series of kicks in which players aim the ball at the opponents side in an attempt to win a point.
FACT SHEET a special document that defines the format of the competition. The most commonly used English term is "Fact sheet". This document specifies the number of players who will take part in the main draw and the qualifying tournament. The fact sheet is drawn up well in advance of the submission of applications for the tournament and cannot be changed in the run-up to or during the competition.
FAST COURT the surface of a tennis court, which is characterized by a fast bounce of the ball. The leader in this component is the grass cover. It is these courts that have the fastest rebound. The oldest Grand Slam tournament, Wimbledon, is played on grass. However, such coverage is gradually losing its position. The fact is that grass courts are very expensive to operate. In addition, playing on grass requires a serious level of training for athletes. In the 21st century, synthetic materials are gradually replacing natural ones. This trend has also affected lawn tennis. In this sport, an acrylic coating for courts, which is called "hard", has long been used. It is also "fast". The hard Court hosts two Grand Slam tournaments (the Australian Open and the US Open) and many lower-ranked tournaments. In the social version, the court can have a concrete, wooden or rubber surface. All of them provide a fairly fast rebound. It is clear that this characteristic depends on many factors (coating composition, thickness, etc.). But one of the determining factors is the density of the material.
FEDERATION CUP tournament between womens national lawn tennis teams. This competition is held under the auspices of the International Tennis Federation. Since 1995, the cup has been called the " Fed Cup "(before that, the trophy was called the Federation Cup). The Fed Cup was born quite difficult. The concept of competitions between womens national teams was published in 1919. The idea to hold a tournament similar to the mens Davis Cup belongs to Hazel Hotchkiss Whiteman. However, the first Fed Cup draw took place only in 1963. His triumph was the US national team. The Fed Cup progressed dynamically. The number of national teams willing to take part in this competition was constantly increasing. The current structure of the Fed Cup is similar to the Davis Cup. Teams are divided into different levels and groups. The outsiders of the highest-ranked group play transition matches with the winners of the lower-ranked group. This gives teams a chance to move up in the tournament hierarchy. The highest stage is World Group I, where the main trophy is played. A full match between the national teams consists of five meetings: one doubles and four singles. As a rule, games are divided into three days. The first day is two singles matches, the second day is a doubles match, and the third day is two singles matches. To win overall, you must win at least three games.
FEED RETENTION win games on your own serves. The tennis player who puts the ball in play has some advantage. This statement is especially true for the male category. Therefore, holding your feed is a top priority. If an athlete manages to win all "their" games, then this at least provides them with a tie break. And winning even one game on the opponents serve will mean winning the set. You can often hear such phrases from fans and sports commentators: "he holds his serve confidently", "he managed to hold his serve" , etc.
FEED SQUARE the marked sector on the playing area that the player must hit when entering the ball into play. There are two feed squares. The first is to the left of the serving player, the second is to the right. In one game, only one of the players enters the ball into play. He alternates the squares to serve. First, the player must serve to the first square. Thus, at the beginning of the game and with an even score (or "exactly") the ball is entered in the first square. If the score is odd ("more" or "less"), the feed is sent to the second square. The lines that limit the feed square are part of it. This means that if the projectile touches a square marking element, the ball is considered correct. The linesmen are responsible for determining the out and correct submission, but the final word is always left to the main referee.
FIGURE EIGHT a training exercise for practicing crosses and line kicks. "Eight" is done in pairs. One player plays only with diagonal strokes, while the other player responds exclusively on the line. After each technical element, both players have to move along the back line to a different corner of the court. This improves not only the technique of hitting, but also the movement around the court. When performing this exercise, the ball describes the shape of the number "8", which was the reason to call this training"eight".
FINAL STRIKE PHASE inertial movement of a tennis player after the racket and ball touch. After the active phase, the arm and body continue to move along the intended trajectory. The final phase of the strike should flow smoothly into preparation for further action. This means that already during the inertial continuation of one element, the player must enter the initial phase of the next tactical movement. This can be moving to a different corner, to the center of the court, or maintaining the highest degree of readiness in the original location. For professionals, the final phase of the strike takes place on a full "automatic". At this stage, the player is already calculating the next combination or optimal location on the court.
FINISHING KICK (HARD ROLL) roll-up, when the ball is given more translational than rotational speed.
FLAT PUNCH translation of the ball without rotation or with a small upper rotation. In modern tennis, a clean flat kick is quite rare. Almost any technical element is complicated by different types of rotation. More often, a flat translation of the ball can be seen as the final knockout kick. In this case, it is important for the player to direct the ball accurately and strongly. The difficulty of rebounding in such a situation is of secondary importance. Flat feeds are very common. Here, the emphasis is also on strength. As a rule, a powerful flat serve is performed during the first attempt. A tennis player can afford a small risk, which has all the chances to turn into an " ace " (serve for departure). An effective game should be a balance of flat kicks and spin kicks. For each specific situation, professionals select a more appropriate technical element.
FOAM a slang word that refers to a very inaccurate shot made by a tennis player in a simple situation. As a rule, this specific term is used by fans. However, the word "foam" can also be heard from sports commentators. This slang expression is especially relevant if the player had enough time to prepare the shot and approached the ball well, but shot very inaccurately. Such errors look rather comical.
FOLT! (FAULT!) a command that means that the ball doesnt hit the right square while serving. The word "fault" can be translated from English as "misdemeanor" or"fault". The referees shout of "Foul!" indicates that the ball is out or in the net. In any case, this command of the referee means the loss of one serve (or a point in the draw). If this situation occurs during the second attempt to bring the ball into play, the server loses a point. Compliance with the rules is monitored by the line judges and the tower referee. The referees on the line determine whether the ball is out of bounds or any other violation. The chief judge can change the verdict if he is sure of the mistake of his assistant.
FOOT FAULT violation of the placement rules during submission. The position of the tennis player when entering the ball into play is strictly limited. In particular, a player is prohibited from stepping on the back line or entering the court. If this point of the rules is not observed, the arbitrators fix the "step". The lineman or head referee declares a "foot foul", which automatically takes one attempt from the serving tennis player. If this situation occurs on the second serve, the player who has made a mistake loses a point. As a rule, "step" is determined by one of the line arbitrators. However, the referee on the tower may correct his assistant. The verdict of the chief judge is final.
FOOTWORK TECHNIQUE leg movements that allow the tennis player to move around the court and perform punches. The effectiveness of each kick depends on the quality of the players footwork. If a tennis player is unable to take the optimal position for performing a technical element, then he is forced to reach for the ball. In such conditions, it is much harder to make a good shot. The players mobility on the court depends on the correct stance and timely raznozhki. A good footwork technique allows you to save time, which is very important in lawn tennis. A kick is a complex technical element that involves almost all parts of the body. The kick begins with a substep that shifts the fulcrum and provides the necessary balance. Acceleration of the racket is given in the same way as the acceleration of the hand in boxing. First, the support leg works, which accelerates the entire body. Already in the final phase, the forces of the hand are involved. That is why footwork directly affects the power and strength of the impact.
FOREHAND (FOREHAND) a kick in lawn tennis, in which the hand of the working hand is turned towards the ball with the fingers. In other words, a forehand is a technical element performed from a convenient angle. For example, if a right-hander hits a ball that is located to the right of his body, then he performs a "forehand" (for a left-hander, the conditions are reversed). The phrase "hit with a forehand" is often used. This technique has many variations. A forehand can be a cross, a reverse cross, a line transfer, a shortened one, and so on. As a rule, professionals work with a forehand from an open rack. In this case, the amplitude of the swing, the height of the ball, the trajectory of the wiring depend on the type of impact, as well as the individual characteristics of the athlete.
FOUL SHOT a kick that violates the rules. This situation often occurs when attacking actions near the net. If a player strikes from the left, but the contact of the string surface with the ball occurs in the opponents half (the racket crosses the net line in the air), then a "foul shot"is declared. A tennis player who violates the rules loses a point. Such violations are monitored by the referee on the tower. He can be assisted by an additional referee on the grid.
FREE HAND a hand without a racket.
FROM A SUNSET performing a technical technique with the palm side of the racket from the left corner and the back side of the racket from the right corner.
FUTURES a professional tennis tournament that is held under the auspices of the ITF and has the lowest status. It is with futures that almost all professional tennis players start their careers. The prize money of such competitions does not exceed the $ 15,000 mark, and the entire tournament is timed to fit into a week. Success in futures allows a novice tennis player to count on getting into more ranked tournaments (Challengers). Thus, these competitions are the first step on the way to the ATP tour. The ITF Futures series was first introduced in 1998. Gradually, these competitions replaced other low-ranking ITF Satellites tournaments. Futures is a great opportunity to test your strength and give a start to competitive practice. Tournaments are held in singles and doubles. In individual competitions, the size of the tournament grid assumes 32 participants. For couples, this number is half as large.
GAME part of a tennis match.
GAME BALL a point that can be decisive in a game. A similar situation occurs when one of the tennis players only needs to win one ball to register a victory in the game. A game ball occurs with the following accounts: 40 30, 30 40, "more", "less". If the gap in points is more impressive (for example, 40 15, or 0 40), then the number of game balls increases accordingly.Game ball is called a break point for a player who is at the reception.
GAME POINT Game point – draw the final point in a game. This means that the player who has a game point is one step away from winning the game. To do this, a tennis player must win only one draw (for example, when the score is 40 30, 15 40, "more", etc.) If a player who had one game point loses the ball, the score becomes "even". Now he will need to win two points in a row to win. If the athlete had two or three game points (for example, with a score of 40 15 or 0 40), then he still has the opportunity to win the game with one draw. It is important to note that the expression "game point" is used in relation to the serving player. If the host tennis player is one step away from winning, then the term "break point"is used.
GAME STYLE a set of characteristics that characterize the manner of playing, the specifics of the technique and tactics used by the tennis player.
GAME TECHNIQUE a set of game techniques for playing table tennis.
GETTING OUT OF UDAR the movement of the player after making a hit, which allows you to prepare for the next reception of the ball. First, the tennis player sends a projectile to the opponents half. He can use any type of blow: flat, cut, cut, twisted, etc. After that, the player must anticipate the further development of the draw and prepare for the enemys attack. Exit the strike – return to the position of maximum readiness. At the same time, the tennis player can stay in the starting position, or even change the location of his position.
GOLDEN SET the game won with the maximum advantage. This means that the set ended with a score of 6 0, while the losing tennis player did not manage to win a single draw. In professional tennis, this situation is fantastic. In order to complete the golden set, you must win 24 consecutive draws (half of them on someone elses serve). It is clear that such a development is very unlikely, even with a serious difference in class.
GRAND SLAM a symbolic prize that is awarded to a tennis player( s) who has won all the Grand Slam tournaments in one season. An athlete who has won all the prestigious competitions becomes the owner of the "Grand Slam". There is no material embodiment of this award. The title is symbolic, but very honorable. A few athletes managed to collect all four titles in one season. That is why the concept of "career Grand Slam (Grand Slam)" appeared, when victories at major tournaments were obtained in different years. Only a select few can also boast of this achievement. The Grand Slam is played not only in singles. This symbolic prize can be won by performing in pairs.
GRAND SLAM TOURNAMENTS (TBS) four of the most prestigious tennis tournaments. Winning such a competition is the highest achievement in professional tennis.
GRIP method of fixing a tennis racket, determined by the location of the control point (base of the index finger) relative to the longitudinal faces of the handle. Continental grip is often called universal. This method of locking the handle allows you to perform all possible types of strokes. In a continental grip, the control point for right-handers is located on the upper right side of the handle (the string surface is perpendicular to the court). In modern tennis, the name "universal" grip has somewhat lost its relevance. Professionals use the continental version of fixing mainly during serving or playing since the summer. With an eastern forehand grip, the control point is shifted to the right side (for a right-handed player). This fixation makes it possible to expand the possible range of technical elements. The eastern grip allows you to perform a powerful deep kick or give the ball a serious spin (for example, topspin). In addition, it is easy to switch from such a grip to other options for fixing the racket, which is an important aspect for tennis players who practice frequent exits to the net. With the eastern backhand grip, the universal grip brush moves slightly counterclockwise along the edges. The base of the index finger is located on the right side of the upper edge. This option is great for handling balls that are below the comfort zone of the kick. Also, the oriental backhand grip makes it possible to use a variety of techniques (from soft trimming to a powerful flat kick). In a semi-western forehand grip, the base of the index finger is located on the lower right edge. This option is often chosen by professionals to play on the back line. The fact is that the semi-western grip allows you to give the ball maximum rotation. This makes the impact stable and reliable. This fixation is great for working on high balls. But a low rebound for the semi-western grip is a serious danger. If you move the control point one more face clockwise, you will get a western grip for a forehand. This type of fixation can only be used by experienced and powerful tennis players. Especially the western grip is characteristic of primers. This fixation allows you to perform the most powerful topspin and accentuate work on high balls.
HALF COURT tennis is a term that translates from English as "half court". Very often you can hear the expression "played on the half court". This means that the ball was sent to the middle part of the opponents half of the field. Such strikes are as careful and simple as possible. Playing on the half court, a tennis player reduces the chances of getting the ball out to almost zero. However, such transfers are fairly easy to accept and process. That is why professionals try to play less often in the middle part of the court, in order to reduce the options for an active counterattack of their opponent. Soft throws on the half court are used to deliberately change the rhythm of the draw. Also, such actions can be observed in desperate situations, when it is not possible to hit accurately and deeply.
HALF STEP a small forward movement with the opposite leg before executing the kick. If the technical element is performed on the right side, then the half-step is done with the left foot, and vice versa. Before making a stroke, the tennis player must choose the optimal point of contact between the ball and the string surface. The degree of accuracy of the planned trajectory depends on this. If the ball and racket meet earlier or later, the kick will have some error. A half-step helps you choose the necessary distance to complete a technical element. In addition, a small movement of the opposite leg makes it possible to balance the body, which also has a direct impact on the quality of the kick.
HALF-FLIGHT KICK a technical element in lawn tennis where the string surface makes contact with the ball almost immediately after it bounces off the court. If the projectile has just started to gain altitude, and the tennis player is already transferring it to the opponents side, then this translation is called a "half-throw shot". As a rule, this technical element is performed to increase the pace of the game or if the player is closer to the ball than planned. A half-flight kick is not considered comfortable or easy. Varying the trajectory or setting the rotation becomes an order of magnitude more difficult. Playing from a half-flight does not give you the opportunity to make a powerful blow. The emphasis is on the accuracy and speed of the balls flight. Very often, tennis players perform a shortened kick with a half-volley.
HALF-LIGHT a blow under the back line, the trajectory of such a blow is an arc of medium height. Half-light refers to technical elements that slow down the pace of the game and allow a tennis player to improve their position on the court. Very often, such a kick precedes the exit to the net. The time of the balls flight is sufficient for the player to choose the optimal position on the front line. In addition, the deep half-light makes it harder for the enemy to perform an attacking strike. Half-light has some drawbacks. The main one is the low impact speed. An experienced player can move to the back line in a timely manner and make a stroke.
HARD (HARD) a generic name for synthetic coverings for tennis courts. In modern tennis, this particular version of sports grounds is one of the most common. It is worth noting that two of the four Grand Slam tournaments are played on hard courts. There are many synthetic coatings that fall into the "hard" category. They may differ in the characteristics of the top layer (smooth or rough), the speed of rebound, color, number and composition of layers.
HAV VOLEY a half-volley kick that is performed after a short swing. The contact of the string surface with the ball occurs in the initial phase of the rebound, when the projectile has not yet entered the "comfort zone". This technical element is very complex. Only high-class professionals can perform a half-volley efficiently and accurately. But even experienced and confident players try to avoid such blows. The fact is that receiving the ball from a half-flight significantly reduces the variability and aggressiveness of the tennis players actions. As a rule, a half volley is a forced kick, which is the only option in a particular game situation. A short half-volley is more typical for playing on the half-court or at the net. However, it is also possible to perform half-volleys from the back line. Experts say that such strikes make up about 1% of the total mass of technical elements that a tennis player uses during a game. However, sometimes it is the midfielder who can save the draw and bring the coveted point to the athletes piggy bank.
HAWK EYE a special electronic system that determines the exact point of contact of the ball with the surface of the court. This technology was first introduced in 2001. Hawkeye immediately received great reviews from fans. The system added an additional emotional component to the game, and also helped to reduce referee errors. Professional tennis players reacted with caution to the innovation. However, from the very first years of operation, the Hawk Eye proved its effectiveness and reasonably became an integral part of professional tennis. The exact algorithm of the Hok ai operation is a secret of the developers firm. It is known that the determination of the balls flight path is based on a motion capture system. On the court there are cameras that transmit information to powerful computing computers. Special software calculates the exact trajectory of the ball and the point of contact of the projectile with the court. Hawkeye helps resolve contentious situations when the ball goes down close to the line. From the very beginning of using Hok Ai, it became obvious that judges often make mistakes in such cases. The electronic system allowed players to challenge the referees verdict. The Hawkeye score is the last resort in determining an out or correct ball.
HIDDEN STEERING WHEEL a situation where one of the tennis players lost six or seven games in a row in one set and gave the game to the opponent. This expression is relevant if one of the players wins the first few games (from 1 to 4), and then gives six in a row. For example, after 3 0, the score becomes 3 6. This situation is called "hidden steering wheel". The most unpleasant is the "hidden steering wheel" after five games won. This means that the player loses seven consecutive games at once (from 5 0, the score becomes 5 7). Such comebacks look very impressive, but in professional tennis they are quite rare.
HIT THE BALL a shot is counted (considered correctly executed) if the player touches the ball with his racket while holding it in his hand, or with his hand (with the racket) below the wrist.
HITTING ON PAUSE a stroke that involves a short delay (pause) after the swing phase. The tennis player withdraws his hand to perform a technical element and is inactive for some time (fractions of a second). At this point, he analyzes the position on the court and the likely displacements of his opponent. Much attention is paid to footwork and body positioning. Hitting on pause gives you a better chance to perform a "counter move" and catch your opponent off guard.
HITTING THE CANDLE an attacking kick made on a high ball, after which the ball flies in a downward trajectory.
HITTING THE LINE transfer of the ball to the opponents side, in which the projectile is sent parallel to the sideline of the court. Such a technical element is a kind of circling stroke. Line translation can be a very effective response to a cross. In this case, the opponent will be forced to move from one corner of the court to another. Also, punches on the line are used to circle the opponent who is at the net. To do this, you need to accurately calculate the trajectory of the ball, reducing the probability of interception. Punches on the line look very impressive. Especially if the ball comes down close to the marking of the court. To perform such an element, it is necessary to have an accurate set stroke. Any error in the calculation or execution technique will result in the ball being called out.
HITTING THE SPOT precise direction of the ball to the intended part of the court. The implementation of this technical element is possible only with the correct calculation of the flight path and a well-placed impact. Working locally often earns a point or becomes a good springboard for developing an attack. In lawn tennis, the result of the match largely depends on the control of the ball and the accuracy of the hit. Therefore, players who have a stable "spot kick" in their arsenal can count on successful performances. In other words, this technical element reflects the level and class of a tennis player.
HORIZONTAL GRIP a method of holding a racquet, in which the axis of the racquet is parallel to the horizontal plane of the table. The handle of the racket is wrapped around with three fingers: the middle, ring and little fingers; the index finger is extended along the edge of the back surface of the racket, and the thumb is located on its palm surface and slightly touches the middle one. The handle of the racket is placed diagonally on the palm of your hand.
HOST the player who makes the second kick after putting the ball in play. In other words, the receiver returns the kick after the opponent serves. Receiving a submission is a very important stage that shapes the development of the entire draw. A good response to entering the ball increases the chances of winning a point. Initially, the serving player has some advantage. This is especially true in the mens category. A strong and accurate serve is often a crucial factor in determining the winner of a draw. However, the receiving tennis player can level the situation with a good return kick. This does not have to be a departure reception (although this option is the most optimal). It is enough to perform a strike that would make it more difficult for the serving player to further develop the attack.
HYBRID STRINGS a combination of two types of strings (by composition or degree of penetration). The string characteristics and tension level of the racket affect the impact force and the degree of control of the ball. Professionals for a long time preferred only natural strings (made of bovine veins). However, in the twenty-first century, synthetic materials began to steadily displace natural ones. Hybrid strings are often a combination of hard longitudinal strings and soft transverse strings. This symbiosis significantly increases the service life of the racket. In addition, combining strings with different characteristics and properties allows the athlete to find their optimal racket stiffness.
IDEOMOTOR TRAINING it consists in a conscious representation of the technique of movements. In ideomotor training, it is customary to distinguish three main functions of representations: programming, training, and regulatory. The first one is based on the representation of an ideal movement, the second one is based on representations that make it easier to master a skill, and the third one is based on representations about possible correction, control of movements, and connections of individual elements. Ideomotor training is most effective for improving movement speed (up to 34%) and accuracy (6-18%).
IMPACT PHASE the moment of contact of the string surface with the ball. The impact phase can last 0.003-0.005 seconds. Tennis players try to enter the strike phase at the optimal point. The correct choice of the position and moment of contact between the strings and the ball determines the accuracy of all these parameters. The impact phase is only an integral part of the technical element, which, however, is one of the most important.
INDOOR COURT a lawn tennis court that is located indoors or equipped with a collapsible roof. These courts allow you to hold matches and practice sessions at any time of the year. In an indoor court, you can create optimal conditions for a match or training session (temperature, humidity, air quality). In addition, there is no wind factor on such sites, which can make serious adjustments to the game. Almost all modern outdoor courts are equipped with sliding roofs. This allows you to hold meetings despite the vagaries of the weather. Tennis clubs also prefer indoor courts, which allows you to serve guests all year round. Inflatable domes are widely used, which make it possible to provide optimal conditions for playing in any weather.
INTER-IMPACT TIME time interval between opponents strikes. This parameter indicates the tempo of the game or individual draw. It is clear that the shorter the inter-stroke time, the more dynamic the point draw is. In order to reduce this parameter, players perform punches with the entrance to the court or do not wait for the rebound. Thus, tennis players complicate the opponents life, reducing to a minimum the time reserve for making a decision and preparing a retaliatory strike.
INTERCEPTOR a slang term used to refer to a player who frequently makes interceptions. This term is relevant only for doubles. When playing in a team, tennis players are responsible for different zones. Sometimes a player at the net moves to his teammates sector to interrupt a cross or circle shot. It is this maneuver that is called "interception". As a rule, a more temperamental, sharp and aggressive athlete plays near the net. Often, he automatically responds to the balls that a colleague has to play. Such actions may pay dividends, or they may become inappropriate interference. Of course, partners know each others game features. If there is an outspoken interceptor in the team, then the colleague should be prepared for his excessive activity at the grid.
ITF The International Tennis Federation, which is the main governing and regulatory body for professional tennis. This structure holds a number of tournaments, represents lawn tennis in the IOC (International Olympic Committee), and also has the right to influence changes in the rules of the game. In addition, the ITF is working hard to promote and develop lawn tennis around the world. The International Tennis Federation was established in 1913. It was at this time that lawn tennis (the original name of lawn tennis) began to gain momentum. The army of fans of this game grew dramatically, and there were more and more international tournaments. In such circumstances, there was a need for a coordinating structure, which became the ITF. The International Tennis Federation does not forget about age-related athletes and people with disabilities. ITF Veterans tournaments are held annually, as well as a wheelchair tennis tour.
JITTERS a slang expression that describes an athletes state of fear before or during a competition. Tennis is an individual sport. This means that personal qualities, character and emotional balance are the most important components of success. However, often even experienced tennis players are nervous before a crucial match or tournament. As a rule, the feeling of fear is based on the fear of losing, appearing ridiculous or making a fatal mistake. It is clear that jitters are more common for young and inexperienced players. Such tennis players are too much distracted by secondary factors. Experienced professionals can easily focus solely on the game and their opponent. Of course, they can hear the support of the public and can even communicate between draws with their coach or relatives. However, really cool players clearly differentiate their attention, focusing as much as possible only on the game moments.
KACHALA (ROCKER) a tennis player who tries to force his opponent to make a mistake by constantly making soft diagonal and linear moves. Such players use slow crosses or line kicks that are made with a serious margin. Kachala has no task to play actively or prepare their attack efficiently. These players physically and mentally exhaust their opponents with monotonous long draws. It is clear that the tactics of rockers do not work well against tennis players with a well-placed shot and a strong psyche. Such athletes quite easily seize the initiative in their own hands, completely destroying the plans of kachala. But too emotional or physically unprepared players may well fall victim to the rocker.
KICK FROM THE TURN a kick that is performed in motion. At the same time, the tennis player moves to the net or along the back line and during the contact of the racket with the ball takes a step with the same foot (closest to the side of the kick). Working with the move allows the tennis player to increase the speed of the draw and reduce the time resource of his opponent for making a decision and performing a response action. Also, moving towards the ball makes it possible to increase the impact force or find the optimal point for the string surface to contact the projectile. Backstrokes are quite a complex technical element. In motion, it is more difficult to calculate the trajectory of the ball or set the required rotation. That is why untrained shots from the move most often end up losing a point. The ball just goes out. High-quality work with the team indicates a high level of a tennis player. Strong professionals necessarily have such strikes in their technical arsenal.
KICK SERVE twisted fast feed with top rotation. This insertion of the ball is characterized by a very uncomfortable bounce. After contact with the surface of the court, the "round" flies off to the side about shoulder height. The string surface sets the ball to rotate along an axis deviated from the vertical. If the angle between the vertical and the axis of rotation is about 60 degrees, then this feed can be called a "kick". A prerequisite is a high ball speed (80-100 mph). For an effective kick submission, the correct "toss" is important. "Round" is thrown at a small height to the left of the body and closer than for a strong flat feed. This position of the ball allows the tennis player to set the required upper rotation. A big role is played by the work of the brush, which determines the axis of "twisting". The body is slightly tilted to the left during the kick feed.
KICKS a slang word used to denote a bad hit. The term "kick" is relevant for almost all game sports. Tennis is no exception. Kick in lawn tennis – a kick after which the ball flew away on a completely unplanned trajectory. This happens when the "round" does not hit the playing spot or is reflected by the rim of the racket. If you kick, the ball can fly far out of bounds or into the stands. Very often athletes or commentators use the following expressions: "tennis player kicks", "unsuccessful kicks", "made a kick" , etc.
KILL THE BALL an expression used to define a strong knockout punch. You can also often hear the phrase "hit the ball". The word "kill" is used for a reason. The impact should be very powerful and sharp. As a rule, the projectile quickly leaves the area of the court after contact with the court. The opponent has no chance to strike back. "Kill the ball" is necessary not only by force, but also by accuracy. If the projectile has gone out, then this slang expression is not used. Or used in a sarcastic way.
KNOCKOUT KICK (CROSS) a kick that sends the ball flying off the sideline of the court. A well - executed cross poses a very difficult task for the opponent. To get such a ball, you need to run out of the court, leaving all your possessions under fire. In addition, it is often not possible to respond aggressively to a good knock-out shot. It is clear that the knockout cross is a complex technical element. To perform such a kick, you need to accurately calculate the trajectory of the ball. Even a small mistake in the calculations or an error in execution will lead to the loss of the draw, and the ball will go out.
KOMON! (COME ON!) An exclamation in English, which can be translated as "Come on! "or"Go!". Lawn tennis is an individual game. Here, a lot depends on the emotional background and mood of the athlete. Often the player has to encourage or instruct himself. The cry "Komon!" is very appropriate in this context. Athletes can address the cry of "Come on!" to themselves, thereby raising the mood for the game. This pattern is most often observed after long or very important draws. Tennis players thus turn themselves on and try to morally suppress the opponent.
LATERAL ROTATION rotation of the ball around a vertical axis. This effect is achieved if the racket moves from left to right or from right to left during the stroke. The ball is given a certain flat flight path, but the "round" ball still rotates around its axis. Such strikes are an essential element in modern tennis. Lateral rotation significantly complicates the opponents reception of the ball. After contact with the surface of the court or racket (when hit from the ground), the ball has a complex, unpredictable bounce. A good tennis player simply has to have shots with different spins in his arsenal. Playing exclusively with flat shots (when the ball is sent without a "twist" or with minimal rotation) is ineffective.
LAWN TENNIS the first name of modern lawn tennis. "Lawn tennis" translates to "lawn tennis". This name appeared at the end of the XIX century. It was relevant almost until the end of the 70s of the XX century. The ancestor of todays lawn tennis is an ancient game that appeared in the XI century. Now this game is called "real tennis". The game gradually evolved and gained popularity. The French monarchs of the XVI century could not imagine active leisure without real tennis. When the game moved from the palace premises to the lawn, a new name appeared - "lawn tennis".
LEDGE a term specific to the doubles game of lawn tennis. This word refers to the place at the net where one of the athletes is located. Tennis players who are not serving or receiving are moved to the ledge. At the beginning of the draw, each of the pairs most often uses the classical arrangement. The server and receiver players are placed on the back line, and their partners move to the front (ledge). A tennis player who is at the net is required to interrupt possible strokes through his zone (short crosses or transfers along the line). Also, the player on the ledge has the opportunity to actively attack with blows from the summer.
LINESMAN the referee of a tennis match, who is located on the line and monitors a certain sector of the court. The linesman records all violations that come into his field of vision. The main task of the line judge is to determine the out, spade during the serve and touch the net. The referee on the line must immediately inform the chief referee of any violation of the rules.
LONG CROSS a diagonal kick to the back line area, where the ball is dropped into the corner area of the court. Playing with long balls has its own risks. In case of inaccurate calculations or technical errors, the ball goes out. But if a player has mastered a long (deep) cross well, then their game becomes an order of magnitude more variable and dangerous. A sideways kick to the corner can be a spectacular end to a draw or an element of preparation for a decisive attack (for example, going to the net). When performing a long cross, tennis players often give the ball different spins. This makes the task even more difficult for the opponent.
LUCKY LOSER lucky loser. This term refers to a tennis player who lost in the last round of a qualifying tournament, but ended up in the main draw. As a rule, the lucky loser is the player with the highest rating from those who failed to overcome the last milestone on the way to the main competition. The fact is that sometimes athletes from the main draw for various reasons are removed before the first round of the tournament. The organizers need to fill the vacant place with another tennis player. In this situation, the "lucky loser" option is activated. History knows cases when such unplanned participants even won the tournament.
MAJOR collective name of the tournaments that make up the seasonal Grand Slam. These are the most prestigious competitions with the highest prize money. Winning Major tournaments is the pinnacle of any tennis players career. An athlete who was lucky enough to win all the Major tournaments in a season becomes the owner of the Grand Slam. This prize is symbolic in nature (there is no cup or other material embodiment), but it is the highest level for every professional tennis player (female tennis player). If a player has won all four majors, but failed to meet in one season, then he becomes the owner of the "career" Grand Slam. This achievement is also a fantastic success. For example, the legendary Pete Sampras, who has a huge number of wins in the majors, could not win Roland Garros. This did not allow the American to collect a career Grand Slam.
MASTERS the most prestigious series of tournaments for professional tennis players, which is held under the auspices of the ATP. The full name of the series is the ATP Masters 1000 World Tour. The seasonal cycle consists of about a dozen tournaments, which are second only to the Grand Slam four in terms of prestige. The winner of any Masters tournament earns 1,000 credit points. In addition to seriously replenishing the piggy bank of points, players who reach the decisive stages receive impressive prize money.
MASTERY a complex concept that combines a high level of functional and technical training, experience, emotional resilience and theoretical savvy of an athlete. As a rule, skill is the decisive factor in determining the winner of a match. Of course, there are situations when the underdog wins against a more skilled athlete. However, if a high-class professional is in good shape and in a normal psychological state, only a player with a comparable skill level can compete with him. Mastery is a quality that is acquired through an active training process and regular competitive practice. Over time, a tennis player gets used to playing in public and learns to control his emotions during a match. If at the same time the player diligently hones his technique and tactical training, then he has every chance to reach the highest level of skill.
MATCH BALL a decisive draw in a match, after which the winner of the match can be determined. If a tennis player still has one point to win before the overall victory in the match, then the next draw for him is a match ball. It doesnt matter which player is on serve. There can be several match balls. For example, if the score in the decisive game is 40 0, the server has as many as three match balls. As a rule, during television broadcasts, a special title is shown before the final draw. It indicates how many match balls (or break points) a particular athlete has.
MATCH POINT draw a point that can bring one of the tennis players victory in the match. For example, if a match consists of three sets and a player is one step away from the second winning game, then he has a match point. The draw that can decide the fate of the final match of the tournament automatically turns from match point to "championship point". This means that the price of the next point is not just winning a single match, but also winning the status of champion of the current competition. If a player has only one draw left to win and the gap in the game is more than one ball, then the tennis player has several match points at once. For example, if the score is 15: 40, the host athlete has two attempts to complete the match in his favor (two match points).
MATCH TIE BREAK an additional game that helps to identify the winner if the game score is equal. This system is practically not used in professional tournaments, but it is spelled out in the official rules of the game. A tie-break match can be played if the set score is 1 1 (three-set match) or 2 2 (five-set match). The score in the extra game is calculated according to the classical principle (1,2,3, etc.). The athlete who first took seven draws, while breaking away at least two goals from the opponent, wins the match tie break and the entire match. The final game can be played for up to seven or ten points. The game continues until one of the tennis players breaks away from the opponent by two points with a score of 7 or more (7 5, 9 7, 11 13, etc.).
MIDSIZE the average area of the string surface of a lawn tennis racket. This parameter is measured in square centimeters or square inches. The larger the head size, the larger the game spot. This means that it becomes easier to deflect the ball, but a certain amount of control and accuracy is lost. There is a clear gradation of the size of the head of a tennis racket. Midsize – the average area of the string surface (452,574 square cm or 70,89 square inches). This is the size of the head most often chosen by professional players. Midsize rackets are the most versatile. They have a fairly large playing spot, but allow you to control the ball well. Rackets with a midsize reflective surface behave perfectly when playing near the net. To perform a high-quality shot from the summer, the degree of control of the ball comes to the fore. That is why the average head area is most effective in this case.
MINI BREAK a draw won in an extra game (tie break) on the opponents serve. If the players win six games each in a set, then an additional game is assigned – a tie break. Each player performs two serves in turn (this sequence begins with the second draw). The task of athletes is to win seven draws, while breaking away from the opponent by at least two points (for example, 7 5, 3 7, 7 0). If one of the tennis players manages to win the draw in the decisive game on the opponents serve, then such a ball is called a "mini break". Without mini breaks, winning a tie break is impossible.
MIXED a type of paired game of lawn tennis (badminton, table tennis, beach volleyball, etc.), when each team consists of a man and a woman. Competitions in the mixed category are held according to the rules of doubles. Mixed teams participate in the Grand Slam tournament draws, as well as compete in the World Team Tennis professional league. In addition, the Hopman Cup is regularly held, which is similar to the Davis Cup or Fed Cup, but with the participation of mixed national teams. In 2012, mixed tennis returned to the Olympic program.
MORE (ADVANTAGE) the advantage of the serving tennis player in one draw after the score is 40 40. When the draw ends in favor of the server at 40 40, the score becomes "higher". This means that to win a game, the player has only to win one more point on their serve. If this does not happen, the score becomes "even"again. If the receiving player wins the draw with the score "exactly", then the score for the server becomes "less".
MOTION BY INERTIA the movement of the racket by inertia after hitting the ball.
NO AD, NO ADVANTAGE an alternative scoring system in lawn tennis that allows you to play a match in the shortest possible time. This version of the game is suitable for fans and members of tennis clubs. The No Ad system allows you to reduce the match time and identify the winner much faster.The essence of the Nou Ed system is to abolish the rule of a minimum two-goal advantage. In each game, points are scored according to the classic system (1,2,3). If both players win three goals each, then a decisive draw is assigned, the winner of which writes the entire game to his asset. The receiving player has the right to choose a square for the opponents last serve. If the game is played in the mixed category, then a mans serve must be taken by a man, and a womans serve must be taken by a woman. As a rule, when the "No Advantage" scoring system is selected, the match consists of only one game. If both players manage to win six games each, then a classic tie-break is played.
NO BOL (NET ball) a situation in tennis when the ball hits the net, and the tennis player is unable to perform a kick after that. Thus, the player loses a point largely due to the accidental hit of a projectile in the cable. As a rule, a tennis player who wins a net ball apologizes to his opponent. This is a gesture of respect and part of fair play in professional sports. No balls in lawn tennis are not a special or rare event. Most players with aggressive strong shots try to direct the ball as close to the net as possible. Even a small error in the execution of a technical element can cause an error.
NO POINT a draw won by a players successful action at the net. This can be an accentuated kick from the summer, a shortened kick, a smash, or any other kick delivered from the front line. As a rule, actions near the grid are the culmination of the draw. After one of the tennis players goes to the dividing fence, the game very rarely returns to the exchange of blows from the back line. For successful work near the net, an athlete must have the following qualities • * a confident kick from the summer • * excellent reaction; • good coordination. All this helps you win a point from the front line. Players with these characteristics are much more likely to add no points to their assets.
NO! (NAT!, NET!) a special team that is used by tennis referees if the ball hits the net while serving. The touch of the cable when the ball is put into play can be recorded either by the referee on the tower, or by a special referee on the net, or by electronics. If the ball touches the net but hits the correct square of the serve, the attempt is repeated. If after touching the cable "round" flew out of the square, the feed is considered erroneous. A similar situation on the second serve means losing a point.
OBLIQUE BALL a diagonal kick, in which the ball bounces off the side of the table.
OFF-CENTER STRIKE a kick where the ball does not hit the center of the playing spot on the string surface of the racket.The further the point of contact is from the center of the game spot, the harder it is to transmit the exact direction and maximum gain. This means that a non-center kick is characterized by less power and low ball control.For a perfect shot, take the ball as close to the center of the impact spot as possible. Any deviation can cause an error in the flight path. If the "round" hit very far from the optimal point, then it becomes extremely difficult to control the strength and direction of the ball.
OPEN COUNTER the position of a tennis player when his feet are approximately on the same line, and his socks are facing towards the net. This rack is very relevant in modern tennis. The fact is that in the conditions of increasing the pace and dynamics of the game, athletes are forced to spend a minimum of time performing a technical element. It is the open position that gives the tennis player the opportunity to move smoothly and quickly from the stroke to the next movement. The name of the rack reflects its essence. The player is ready for any maneuver, whether it is moving on the back line, rushing to the net or jumping before hitting from a standstill. The main task of the athlete is to be on the side of the ball. The leg with the same name should be closer to the "round" one. Before making a kick, you must make a swing. At this stage, the weight of the body is transferred to the leg of the same name, the hips are slightly twisted, and the shoulder line is almost 90 degrees to the grid. The kick starts with a push of the supporting leg. The final element can be an additional circular movement of the wrist. From an open rack, it is convenient to perform any rebound kicks. It is important to work your hips and body properly. Also, do not forget about the quick transition to the state of full readiness to continue the game. It is for this task that an open rack is used.
OPEN RACKET the position of the racket during the stroke, when the string surface is at an obtuse angle to the line of flight of the ball. In other words, the top of the rim is tilted back. This position of the string surface gives the ball a lower spin. "Round" flies along an arc-shaped trajectory, which makes the impact safer (reduces the probability of hitting the net). It also makes bouncing the ball harder. With a strong reverse spin, the "round" can bounce even in the direction of the opponent. Very often, athletes play an open racket on the front line. This allows them to soften the opponents strong punches and gently return the ball to the opponents field.
OPEN TOURNAMENT a competition that both amateurs and professionals can take part in. At the same time, the citizenship and status of the athlete does not matter at all. Of course, the rules for determining the main draw of the tournament take into account the rating of the tennis player and some other nuances (for example, often a local player is given a "wild card"). However, the competition qualification is theoretically available for any registered player. The first open tournament was held in Bournemouth (Great Britain) in 1968. It is this competition that can be considered the start of the Open Era in lawn tennis. Up to this point, there was a clear division of players into amateurs and professionals. Each category had its own set of closed tournaments. In modern professional tennis, most tournaments are open in nature. However, even at the preliminary stage, it is difficult to meet an outspoken beginner or a very weak amateur. All four Grand Slam tournaments are also open. After the transition of tournaments to an open system, lawn tennis has become even more rapidly gaining popularity and gaining a global audience.
ORDINARY BUBBLE RUBBER this is a single-layer non-cellular rubber, natural or synthetic, with pimples evenly distributed over its surface with a density of not less than 10 and not more than 50 pieces per 1 cm?, the ratio of the height of the pimples to their diameter is not more than 1 x 1.
OUT the situation in tennis when the ball does not hit the court. Such a kick is considered a mistake, and the player who made it loses a point. The referee working on the line is required to monitor the place where the ball lands. If the referee registers a failure to enter the court, he shouts "Out" loudly. Thus, both athletes and the chief referee are notified about the termination of the draw.
OUTDOOR COURT outdoor tennis court. Such a sports facility may have bleachers or special rooms for guests and service personnel. The main distinguishing feature of an open court is the lack of a roof. Outdoor playgrounds have their drawbacks. The main one is the dependence on the weather. Wind, snow, rain, and other natural phenomena may cause a match or training session to be stopped. Such force majeure is highly undesirable during competitions, given the television broadcasts, the schedule of matches, etc. That is why most modern courts intended for competitive operation are equipped with indoor facilities or sliding roofs. This makes it possible to hold matches in all weather conditions. Courts for active recreation are mostly open. Such platforms do not imply the presence of bleachers or a large number of service personnel. It is clear that a sliding roof for a court in a hotel or in a private house is in most cases an unjustified luxury.
OUTGOING BALL kick when the tennis ball is directed far away from the players position. As a rule, this situation occurs when strong diagonal or linear translations are successful. A passing ball most often leads to a point win. A precise, powerful blow aimed far away from the opponent practically does not give him the opportunity to conduct retaliatory actions. Fans and sports commentators often use the following phrases: "I went to get the outgoing ball, ""I couldnt get the outgoing ball," and so on.
OVERGRIP additional winding on the racket handle. Overgrip is a thin adhesive tape that is made of synthetic materials and perfectly absorbs moisture. The thickness of the additional winding is much smaller than the main grip. This overgrip parameter can vary from 0.38 to 0.75 mm.
OVERSIZE the size of a tennis racket head. All string surfaces with an area of 710 to 742 square cm (110,115 square inches) fit the definition of "oversize". The "oversized" size is considered above average. These rackets have an increased playing spot, which makes it easier to hit the ball. In addition, as the string surface area increases, the impact power increases. Therefore, oversized rackets are suitable for children or beginners. However, it is quite rare for professionals to choose a large string surface size. The fact is that an increase in the playing spot leads to a decrease in control over the ball. It becomes harder to set a precise flight path and rotation. It is worth noting that oversized rackets behave perfectly when performing cut and twisted strokes. A tennis player can feel quite comfortable on the back line. However, good preparation and practice is necessary for high-quality execution of spinning punches.
PADDLE TENNIS a special kind of tennis game that appeared in 1915. It was then that a bishop from New York decided to attract children from the street to active recreation and sports. Due to the clear lack of space in the city, the courts for the new game were four times smaller than the standard courts for lawn tennis. Paddle tennis is played according to the rules of lawn tennis. The main difference is the size of the court and the rackets used. The court is 15.24 m long and 6.10 m wide. The height of the dividing grid is 78.7 cm. This size of the playground allows athletes with a wide variety of physical fitness levels to play paddle tennis. A small court significantly reduces the amount of running work. Paddle tennis uses special rackets that are made from composite materials. The central part of the reflective surface is perforated with holes (diameter from 9 to 13 mm). At the same time, the profile thickness is 38 mm, and the impact surface area is 26?29 cm. For the safety of the player and others, the racket has a special cord that fits on the wrist and is an additional lock. For paddle tennis, standard tennis balls are similar, but they should have a lower pressure. Most often, the balls are simply pierced with a needle. Some sports equipment manufacturers produce tennis balls specifically for paddle tennis.Lawn tennis is included in the list of the most popular games. It is not surprising that this sport began to have "branches". Paddle tennis is an excellent option for active guests. Almost anyone can participate in this game. This versatility has provided paddle tennis with popularity and dynamic development.
PAIR MEETING playing in individual or team competitions together with a partner against two other players (two against two),
PARTY (SET) the part of the match during which one of the sides must score 11 points (with an advantage of at least 2 points).
PERCENTAGE TENNIS a tactic that involves the use of reliable strikes and well-played combinations. This approach allows the athlete to minimize unforced errors. Quite often, interest-bearing tennis pays dividends. Percentage tennis is a cautious game. The athlete performs strikes with a margin and uses well-developed combinations. This tactic virtually eliminates aggressive attacks. If there are two equally strong tennis players who profess a percentage approach, then you can expect a lot of long draws. Both players will act "on defense". In this case, psychological and physical resilience comes to the fore. It is these factors that become decisive in determining the winner of the match. Percentage tennis rarely works against high-class professionals who know how to vary their game and use the opponents weaknesses. Standard simulated combinations will be easy to "read", and strikes with a margin will help for active counterattacks. Thus, a good multi-faceted tennis player can quite easily resist percentage tactics. Sometimes athletes become cautious after a whole series of unsuccessful actions. It is important for them to regain their confidence and "catch the shot". In such cases, tennis players turn on the "percentage" mode for a certain time.
PERSONAL COMPETITIONS competitions in which only the individual championship is played.
PLANK (RAZNOZHKA) the most important component of the impact. The fact is that there is always very little time to prepare a high-quality ball reception. Therefore, the player must be fully prepared to move to any part of the court. The entire body rests on the pads of the toes. This position allows you to react as quickly as possible to the opponents blow. Touching the court with the entire surface of the foot, the player significantly complicates the starting snatch. Just before the opponent hits, the receiving player makes a board (raznozhku). The goal of this technical element is to "get rid of weight" and move to a non-supporting state. In fact, the kick falls during the low jump phase. This point must be accurately calculated. The unsupported state allows the athlete to start moving in any direction. While in flight, the tennis player calculates his further maneuver. As soon as the pads of the fingers touch the ground, the athlete makes a starting jerk.
PLAY BY LOCATION direct the ball exactly to the intended part of the court. The outcome of the draw largely depends on the accuracy of the blows. Precise ball direction allows you to play the game and save energy. Punches that land near the court lines almost eliminate a dangerous counterattack. You can systematically hit different corners of the court and hold the threads of the game in your hands. The opponent is forced to compensate for the accuracy of the blows by running, which leads to rapid fatigue. Punches aimed at the corner of the court or along the line are particularly effective. Often such accurate ball transfers become a turning point in the draw. To carry out a strike on the spot, you must have a high qualification. When making such transfers under the line, the chances of getting caught out significantly increase. Players who doubt their accuracy send the ball to the opponents side with a margin. Such strikes often become easy prey for an experienced player.
PLAYING AHEAD OF TIME transfer the ball to the other half of the court with forward movement. This maneuver allows you to deflect the blow earlier and more powerfully. Such a game requires high skill. The ball is reflected at a point that is most often not optimal. Playing ahead of time allows you to increase the speed of the draw. The opponent has significantly less time to make decisions and prepare counter-actions. Moving towards the ball, the player gets another bonus-increases the strength and power of the blow. Of course, this does not apply to blows from uncomfortable positions.
PLAYING SPOT (PERCUSSIVE, CENTRAL) the area of the string surface that, when struck, provides the maximum power and accuracy of the strike. This important characteristic of the racket depends on the size of the head and the degree of tension of the strings. The larger the size of the reflective surface, the larger the impact spot. This means that it is easier for the player to hit the ball. However, this reduces the degree of control over the trajectory and rotation of the "round". Experts separate two playing spots, the center of which is located at the same point of the head (approximately in the geometric center of the string surface). One of them is responsible for the degree of accuracy, and the other – for the level of transfer to the ball of the athletes effort and energy of the accelerated racket. Professional tennis players choose such a head size to ensure the optimal ratio of power and precision spots. The racket selection process is very individual.
PLAYING SURFACE (BLADE) the side of the racket used for hitting the ball. The playing surface of the base is covered with overlays.
PLAYING WITH A BOUNCE a kick on the ball that has made contact with the surface of the court. The rebound depends on the force of the impact and the specified rotation. A tennis player cannot allow the round to touch the court twice. Therefore, after the rebound, the player must transfer the ball to the other half of the field. For a rebound shot, the tennis player must take a comfortable position. The legs are placed at a distance slightly more than shoulder width apart. Knees bent. It is necessary to achieve a "spring" effect in the legs, which will help you make the starting movement much faster. The player must keep his opponent and the ball in sight. When the flight path is determined, the tennis player needs to make a swing. If the kick is delivered from the right, then the right hand goes back. The shoulders turn perpendicular to the grid. After the ball bounces, the left foot takes a small step that helps balance the body and optimally "approach" the shot. Then the leading hand performs a technical element (cut shot, topspin, etc.). With a sweeping stroke, the racket goes up in a loop-like trajectory over the left shoulder. After that, the athlete has some time to return to the starting position.
PLAYOFF ROUND Play-off round – qualifying matches between national teams in the Davis Cup and Fed Cup. The playoff round is played between the teams from the World Group that lost in the first round, and the winners of the zonal groups (ranked below). For both men and women, the main trophy is played among the strongest teams. You can become one of them by moving up the hierarchy in your geographical area (America, Europe/Africa, Asia)./Oceania). The winners of the first groups of their zone have a chance to be among the strongest teams. To do this, they need to win the playoff round against the outsider of the World Group. The winner of this match receives a registration in the main tournament for the next season. Playoff rounds are held according to the standard scheme. Four singles matches and one doubles game are played. To win overall, you must win at least three matches. The playoff round is a kind of elevator for lower-tier teams. Only the strongest teams play in the World Group. Therefore, to improve in the class, you need to make every effort.
PLAYOFFS a competition system that involves the elimination of a player after the first defeat. This version of determining the winner fully corresponds to the classical Olympic system. The tennis player who wins the match moves further up the grid, and his opponent leaves the competition. The vast majority of professional tennis tournaments are held according to the playoff system. However, some early-stage competitions involve a group stage. A striking example of such a mixed system is the final Masters tournament. Playoff games make athletes take every match seriously. The loss of motivation in one match can result in the termination of the fight even for tennis players from the top of the rating table.
POINT minimum unit of account in lawn tennis. Literally, this word is translated from English as "point". Winning a point is the main task of a tennis player. To win a game, you need to add four points to your account. At the same time, the opponent must be at least two points behind.
POSITIONAL PLAY tactics of conducting a draw, the purpose of which is to maximize the complexity of the opponents position. To do this, each blow must be aggressive and accurate. The opponent in this situation will not be able to perform counterattacking actions. His main task is simply to return the ball to the court. Positional play-preparation for a striking finishing blow or a way to force an opponent to make a mistake. In any case, a tennis player who implements such tactics efficiently has a much better chance of winning a point. Effective positional play is characterized by diagonal and linear translations. It is these actions that make the opponent do a lot of running work, which leads to rapid fatigue. On the other hand, a tennis player who plays a positional game saves an energy resource. For long or equal fights, this aspect is very important. Often commentators use the term "positional struggle". This means that both athletes are looking for the opportunity to play number one. As a rule, tennis players exchange almost equal blows in terms of aggression and danger, until one of them gets a chance to play a single positional game.
POSTING INFORMATION movement of the racket after contact with the ball. The term "maintenance"is also often used. Wiring is necessary to control the force and direction of the balls flight. In addition, the continuation of movement after the impact becomes the initial stage of the next technical element. If a right-hander makes a forehand, then in the final phase the head of the racket should be in the area of the left shoulder. The trajectory of the hand is an arc. This rule applies to powerful rebound shots. For such backhand strikes, the final phase is at the right shoulder. Wiring is not just an inertial uncontrolled movement. A tennis player should understand why they are following the ball and what their next action will be.
PRE-IMPACT PHASE the stage of performing a technical element that begins at the end point of the swing and ends at the moment of contact of the string surface with the ball. During the pre-impact phase, the athlete accelerates the racket to provide the necessary impact force. After the arm has completed the full range of the swing, the muscles of the entire body begin to contract. The kick originates from the push of the support toga. After that, the hips and body are untwisted. The last acceleration of the racket is given by the muscles of the arm. All these movements are included in the pre-impact phase.
PREPARATORY ACTIONS technical and tactical techniques aimed at preparing for an attack and preceding a direct attack.
PREPARATORY STRIKE a technical element, after which it is convenient for the player to carry out attacking actions. In tennis, the process of building an attack is very important. This is especially true when playing on slow surfaces (ground). Tennis players carefully prepare the final shot, which should bring them victory in the draw. Before a striking attack, you must open a part of the court. This is done by using an accent translation along a line or diagonal. It is important to make a deep blow, which will be difficult to deflect. After a high-quality preparatory strike, the final technical element follows. This can be a counter-move of the ball or a precise planing into an unattainable square. Often, after a deep transfer under the back line, the opponent takes the ball too far from the net. In this case, such an action can be an excellent preparation for the final shortened kick.
PRIMER a tennis player who plays very well on clay courts. Traditionally, high results on this surface are achieved by Spanish and South American athletes. The world knows Rafael Nadal, who never tired of stamping out victories at the most prestigious clay tournament Roland Garros. In addition, tennis fans will never forget the triumphs on the Parisian courts of Brazilian Gustavo Kuerten. The game on the ground has its own characteristics. This surface is characterized by the slowest and most unpredictable bounce of the ball. It is quite difficult to execute a decisive kick on a clay court. That is why draws on such a surface can be very long. Hence, one of the main requirements for a good primer is endurance and excellent physical fitness. On the ground, few draws end in two or three strokes. Therefore, a tennis player should be prepared for long running work. The technical equipment of the athlete is of great importance when playing on the ground. It is important to perfectly perform topspins and other variations of twisted strokes. In addition, a successful primer always calculates the draw two or three steps ahead. A striking attack when playing on a slow surface is prepared very carefully.
PRIZE POOL the amount of money that is distributed proportionally among all participants of the competition or among prize-winners and winners. The order of accrual is determined by the prescribed provisions of a particular tournament. In professional tennis, the most commonly used system is prize accrual, which involves an increase in the fee with each subsequent round of the competition. For example, the losers in the first round receive 1000 conventional monetary units, the losers in the second round – 2000, and so on. The status of the tournament is reflected in the size of the prize pool. The palm tree in this regard is logically held by the Majors (competitions included in the Grand Slam). Combined schemes are most often used. Sometimes individual sponsors set up their own award for the winner.
PRO SET a match that consists of only one set. Such matches are typical for veteran tournaments, when participants are physically unable to hold long games. Also, pro sets are often played in tennis clubs. This option allows you to quickly determine the winner, which is very important at the amateur level. Club members rarely play even classic three-set matches. This is usually not enough time or desire. In this case, the pro set is an excellent alternative. Pro set is played up to eight games won. The two-game minimum advantage rule remains in effect. If the score in the set is 8 8, then the winner is revealed on a tiebreak.
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS technical and tactical techniques, the tactical task of which is to repel the enemys attack.
PROTIVOHOD a kick that is performed in the opposite direction of the opponents movement. Such a transfer of the ball very often becomes an unsolvable task for the opponent. The fact is that once you start moving in one direction, it is quite difficult to regroup and change the movement vector. There is little time left for such a maneuver. Often athletes simply follow the ball with their eyes, without even trying to react to the blow. For a successful counterstroke, it is necessary to assess the opponents movement on the court in time. If the opponent has given away their intentions, the player can change the direction of the ball. Thus, the opponent and the projectile are separated into different sectors of the court. You can often hear such phrases from fans and sports commentators: "I hit the counter", "I made a great shot in the counter", etc.
PRUNING giving the ball a lower (reverse) rotation. After such blows, the projectile flies in a high arc and has an unpleasant fading rebound. Most often, tennis players make cuts when performing shortened strokes. Also, this rotation of the ball is typical for strikes from the summer. To give the ball a reverse spin, you need to tilt the upper rim of the racket back. This results in an obtuse angle between the direction of the ball and the string surface. In this case, the racket should carry out a "combing" movement directed forward and down. Clipping slows down the projectiles flight, but makes the impact more reliable. With a strong lower rotation, the ball can even fly back over the net after contact with the court.
PUSH a technical technique that consists in pushing the ball away from itself with the back of the racket, the plane of which is located perpendicular to the playing surface of the table, while the ball is almost not given any rotation. Hitting the center of the ball is mostly done by beginners.
QUALIFIER a player who was able to make it to the main draw through a qualifying tournament. It is clear that there are many more people willing to take part in a prestigious tennis competition (for example, Roland Garros or Wimbledon) than the tournament grid implies. The main interest of the public is caused by rating tennis players. Strong and well-known players are the foundation of any tournament. However, they can also be accompanied by completely unknown or young athletes. Before serious tournaments, a qualifying stage is held, which can consist of a different number of rounds. Tennis players who do not qualify for the main draw may end up in it through qualifying. This is a great chance to express yourself at the highest level. Players who have successfully completed the qualifying tournament are called "qualifiers " or"qualifiers". As a rule, already in the first round, the qualifier hits a very strong opponent. However, it also happens that a tennis player from qualifying gets to the decisive stages of the competition.
RACKET AERODYNAMICS ability to overcome air resistance. Many manufacturers of tennis equipment are constantly coming up with new ways to improve the performance of the racket. Naturally, they also work in the direction of improving aerodynamic properties. The good aerodynamics of a tennis racket ensures its maneuverability. The player gets more control and variation, which is very important for playing at a high level. Poor aerodynamics significantly impoverish the potential and capabilities of a tennis player.
RACKET BASE the base of a table tennis racket, which has a flat, hard surface, on which the pads and "cheeks" of the racket handle are glued. The base of the racket can be made of plywood containing several layers or solid wood. The racket distinguishes between the handle, neck, edge of the racket and the playing surface consisting of the palm side on the palm side and the back side on the outside of the hand.
RACKET CAPTURE part of a tennis racket designed for the hand. Most often, this element is called a handle or handle. A mandatory element of the racket grip is the base winding, which can be treated with a special sticky impregnation and contain a radial pattern. All these additions increase the comfort of operation, making the grip of the hand with the handle more durable. The handle of a tennis racket is an elongated faceted surface. The correct grip of the racket is carried out closer to the end of the grip.
RACKET EDGE the narrow edge of the racket located around its perimeter.
RACKET FRAME the frame on which the string surface is formed. The modern frame is a monolithic structure consisting of three components: handle; neck; head. The handle makes it easy to hold the racket in your hand. The head is the base for string tension. Neck – a fastening element that increases the strength and stability of the entire structure. Manufacturers of tennis rackets strive to continuously improve the technical characteristics of their products. We are constantly working to achieve the optimal balance of weights. Most often, the manufacturer mixes a whole range of components to improve technical characteristics.
RACKET HAND the hand holding the racket.
RACKET HANDLE the elongated part of the racket by which the player holds it.
RACKET HEAD the impact surface that is bounded by the rim. The size of the head affects the technical characteristics of the tennis racket. This parameter is measured in square centimeters. The larger the head of the racket, the larger the playing spot and the easier it is for the tennis player to deflect the balls. However, as the playing spot increases, the degree of control decreases. This means that it is more difficult for the athlete to adjust the flight path and set the desired rotation. Therefore, rackets with a large head are more suitable for novice tennis players or children. Professionals choose this head size to get the perfect balance of playing spot size and ball control. By trial and error, the athlete finds the optimal size of the racket head area.
RACKET MANEUVERABILITY a feature that determines the level of convenience and speed of racket manipulation. Maneuverability of the racket can be determined by the time interval that begins from the moment of execution of the stroke and ends with full readiness for the next technical element. Maneuverability depends on weight and balance. If the center of gravity is shifted towards the handle, then it is much easier for the player to manipulate the racket. This means that the games variability increases. The tennis player adapts faster to the opponents blow, expanding the range of possible counter-actions. It is important to understand that with increasing maneuverability, power and impact force are lost. Therefore, professional tennis players carefully select the racket to get the optimal combination of all the characteristics.
RACKET NECK the narrow part of the racket located near the handle, where the handle passes into the paddle of the racket.
RACKET STIFFNESS one of the most important characteristics of a tennis racket. The degree of rigidity determines the efficiency of energy transfer of the hand to the ball. "Soft" rackets are suitable for beginners and children. As the stiffness increases, control of the ball becomes more difficult, but the force of the hand is transmitted much more efficiently (accuracy increases). Hard rackets have a lot of impact, which can negatively affect untrained joints and muscles. Strong vibrations often cause injuries. "Soft" rackets allow you to play in a more gentle mode. However, such inventory should also be used carefully.
RACKET TRAJECTORY the path of movement of the racket on impact.
RAGGED RHYTHM OF THE GAME alternate between strong and weak punches to make the draw more difficult. The goal of this tactic is to confuse the opponent. As a rule, strong flat punches under the line are replaced by shortened ones or punches with a fading rebound. At the same time, the alternation of various technical elements should not be ordered. A ragged rhythm allows you to keep the opponent in constant tension and change the character of the draw at any time (for example, switching to a close game). Tennis is not only a battle of physics and experience, but also a psychological confrontation. Players study each other during the match, trying to calculate the tactics and basic set of blows of the opponent. A ragged rhythm complicates this task. A tennis player who prefers a ragged rhythm plays the first number. It is he who "leads" the draw. This gives you some advantage over your opponent.
RAZNOZHKA a technical element that represents a small jump before performing a retaliatory strike. Lawn tennis is a very dynamic game in which the time resource plays a huge role. If the player does not reach the ball in time, then he will not be able to perform a high-quality shot. Raznozhka is performed from the main rack at the moment when the opponent is going to make a hit. The jump should not be too high. When landing, you need to distribute the weight evenly on both legs. Muscles and joints create a "spring" effect. The center of gravity drops smoothly. The direction and trajectory of the ball before impact is difficult to predict. Therefore, the tennis player must be ready to move around the court. Raznozhka, performed at the right time, allows you to make a sharp jerk in any direction. This is the main goal of this technique.
READ THE STRIKE predict or guess the direction of your opponents strike. This slang expression is very common in tennis circles. If one of the players knew in advance where the ball would be directed by the opponent, then he "read the shot". Many factors are important for predicting the balls trajectory. It is necessary to monitor the opponents simulated combinations and find some patterns in their actions. Also, the strength and trajectory of the flight can be given by preparatory movements (swing, body turn, footwork, etc.). If the player manages to read the blow, then he gets more time to prepare his response.
READ UDAR predict the direction of the ball after hitting your opponent. This ability is very important in lawn tennis. In the face of time constraints, "reading a beat" provides a huge advantage. The player starts moving in advance to the desired point on the court and preparing a response. You can anticipate a blow by relying on your intuition and carefully analyzing your opponents movements and tactics. The swing, footwork, gaze, and many other details can help reveal a tennis players intent.
REBOUND KICK work on a ball that has made contact with the surface of the court and has risen to a comfortable area for hitting. Such technical elements are the most common in lawn tennis. A rebound kick can be performed with both a forehand and a backhand. In this case, the second option is possible with a one-handed or two-handed grip. As a rule, a rebound kick is made from an open rack. The tennis player evaluates the trajectory of the ball and moves to the desired part of the court. The technical element starts with a small sub-step with a dissimilar foot. This makes it possible to balance the body and "adjust to the ball".
REBREAK a situation where a tennis player wins a game on the opponents serve, but before that he lost his own serve. All these events must occur in one set. The player who made the first break has a game and psychological advantage. To win the set, all he has to do is defend his serves. However, the opponent can make a rebreak and even out the chances of success in the game. Also in this case, the expression "returned your feed" is often used.
RECEIVING A SUBMISSION kick back after putting the ball in play. Most often, the quality of reception sets the pace for the entire draw. If the response to the serve was not very convincing, then the serving player gets an advantage, which can be translated into a positional attack or more aggressive actions. A successful submission promises dividends to the receiving player. For him, the ideal option is to receive a departure when the opponent is not able to reach the ball. The return kick to serve begins with a small step into the court. It should be done simultaneously with the toss of the ball. After half a step, raznozhka is performed. This technical element is a low jump with a landing on the pads of your toes. In the final phase of the raznozhki, the tennis player must already decide in which direction he will move to receive the serve. The backswing will be shorter than for rebound kicks. The reason for this is the lack of time to make and implement your decision.
RECOMMENDED TENSION tension of the string surface, which ensures optimal technical characteristics of the tennis racket. The impact quality largely depends on the elasticity of the reflective surface. Too little tension artificially increases the playing spot. This means that it becomes easier to deflect the ball, but control over the kick itself is lost. A small inaccuracy in the technique leads to a serious error in the flight path. If the strings are tightened, the opposite effect is observed. Control over the force and direction of the kick increases, but the "ball sense" worsens. Too elastic string surface is difficult to give the intended rotation. There is a universal measure of string surface tension, which is measured in kilograms or pounds. It is considered that the optimal indicators range from 28 29 kg or 50 70 pounds. Experts advise pulling the racket after every forty hours of play, or if the strings have lost 25% of their optimal tension.
REPLAY a draw whose result is not counted.
RESUBMISSION a situation where a player re-enters the ball into play without losing a try. A rebound is assigned if the ball touches the cable of the dividing net, but hits the right square. The tower umpire or grid umpire announces the command " Net! "and asks for a repeat serve. If the ball goes out after touching the net, the attempt is "burned out". The chief referee has the right to call a rebound if the receiving player was not ready to receive the ball. This is quite rare in professional tennis. As a rule, the serving player makes a sufficient pause for the opponent to prepare for the start of the draw.
REVERSE (REVERSE) hitting a high ball with the hand holding the racket facing away from the projectile. This technical element is often referred to as a "smash reverse". If the ball is flying along a high trajectory over the left shoulder, and the player does not have time to move under the smash with a comfortable hand, then a reverse is performed (the conditions are given for tennis players with the right working hand). It is important to accurately calculate the trajectory of the ball. A reverse kick does not allow you to develop the strength and speed that a classic smash has. However, this technical element may well be a winning shot.
REVERSE BREAK winning a game on your opponents serve after losing a game on your own serve. This term is used if all the listed events occurred in the same set. To win the game, you must protect all your serves and make at least one break. If one of the tennis players was able to take a game on the opponents serve, then he has a much better chance of winning the set. However, his opponent can even out the situation. To do this, you also need to win a game on someone elses serve. If the athlete succeeds, then it is possible to state a "reverse break" in the match. Quite often in such cases, the expression "returned your feed"is used. A reverse break is often a good emotional boost that helps a tennis player turn the tide of a set. Even if you lose two of your serves, the player has a chance to win the game together. However, he simply cannot do without reverse breaks in this situation.
REVERSE CROSS a diagonal stroke in tennis that is performed with a forehand from the left side of the court or a backhand from the right (this combination is valid for a right-hander, for a left — hander-vice versa). During the reverse cross, the tennis player is further away from the longitudinal center axis of the court than the ball. This location can be random (for example, the player did not have time to leave the sector) or pre-planned. The reverse cross is one of the most spectacular strokes. Visually, it may seem that the player is wasting time preparing this technical element (extra movement). However, sometimes such a maneuver is justified. If a player has a great forehand in his arsenal, but does not perform the backhand very well,then it makes sense for him to run under a convenient arm and shoot a cross from the left half of the court with a forehand. Thus, a reverse cross is a kick that is either forced or used to take advantage of the players stronger side. In any case, an accurate and strong diagonal translation of the ball is a good help to win the draw.
REVERSE SMASH overhead kick with the back of the working hand facing the ball. A right-handed person uses a reverse smash when the projectile is over the left shoulder (for a left-handed person, the conditions are reversed). Reverse smash – an accentuated blow from top to bottom, which, however, is inferior in power to the classic smash. That is why tennis players most often use the reverse option in situations where there is no time to approach the ball from a convenient side. When hitting a reverse stroke, the brush should be as rigid as possible. The swing is not too large. If the contact point and flight path are correctly calculated, then such a blow has every chance of becoming a victory.
RISING BALL a ball that has not reached its maximum height. Professionals very often hit the rising ball. Thus, they return the projectile to the enemy side as quickly as possible. The opponent has little time to prepare a high-quality and sharp response. In addition, the game tempo increases significantly, which is beneficial for a cool and fast player. Hitting an ascending ball is a complex technical element. There is a risk that the ball will not fly over the net or go out of bounds. That is why such a stroke is performed only by qualified professional tennis players.
ROUND (ROUND) a certain stage of the competition, which consists of a number of matches. The term "circle"is often used. The winners of the round advance to the next round of competition. Such progress on the grid takes place until the final match. Fans and sports commentators often use the following phrases: "semi-final round", "passed to the next round", etc.
SANDWICH TYPE RUBBER one layer of cellular (porous) rubber covered externally with one layer of ordinary bubble rubber; the thickness of bubble rubber is up to 2 mm inclusive.
SATELLITE the lowest-ranked tournament for novice professionals. Such competitions were held under the auspices of the ITF and were abolished in 2007. The satellite was a multi-stage, fairly long tournament with a prize pool ranging from $25,000 to $ 50,000. The main competition was preceded by three qualifying stages. As part of the preliminary competitions, 24 tennis players were determined who got into the main draw of the final part of the satellite. Thus, the entire cycle took approximately four weeks. For experienced professionals, satellites were of no value. The time spent was not covered by the possible amount of winnings or points. Therefore, tournaments of this level were more suitable for players who had recently taken the path of a professional tennis player. A month-long marathon helped to balance the training and check the real level of the athlete.
SCREW FEED entering the ball into play, when the round ball is assigned two types of rotation at once: side and top. This effect can be achieved if the racket is aimed from bottom to top and from left to right. The ball will have a slightly tilted vertical axis of rotation. A screw feed is very similar to a cut feed. After touching the court, the ball bounces high and to the side. It is very difficult for the opponent to perform an aggressive retaliatory strike. The screw feed is considered one of the most accurate. That is why tennis players often choose this option of putting the ball into play on the second attempt. Thus, they reduce the probability of a "double mistake" that leads to the loss of a point. There are some disadvantages to the screw feed. The main one is low flight speed. An experienced player can easily adjust to such a feed and level out a difficult rebound.
SECOND SERVE the last attempt of the tennis player to enter the ball into play. He has two such attempts. If the ball hits the net or is out on the first serve, the player is given another chance. If a tennis player fails to direct the second serve to the correct sector, the referee declares a "double fault". Victory in the draw is awarded to the receiving player. As a rule, the second serve is made with the utmost care. Tennis players use the rotation of the ball to increase the chances of hitting the right square. However, there are some athletes who take risks on the second serve.
SEEDED PLAYER a tennis player who has certain privileges in determining the tournament bracket and does not participate in the draw. The tournament organizers exclude the possibility of meeting the strongest athletes in the early stages. For example, the first seed number is placed on the first line of the grid, and the second – on the last line. This means that the two strongest tennis players (according to the rating) will not intersect with each other until the final match. After the seeded players receive their places in the tournament grid, the remaining positions are filled by blind drawing. As a rule, the number of seeded tennis players is a quarter of all participants. This means that 8 athletes are scattered in a grid of 32 tennis players. For example, 128 athletes compete in Grand Slam tournaments. Among them, 32 players receive seeded status. Tennis players who have the highest rating at the time of the competition are seeded. Thus, the strongest players get easier opponents in the first stages of the tournament.
SEEDING the principle of placing players in the tournament grid, which prevents top tennis players from meeting in the early stages of the competition. Special attention of the audience is drawn to matches with the participation of strong athletes with a high rating. Tournament organizers form the grid so that the seeded tennis players meet each other as late as possible. Thus, strong players receive well-deserved privileges in the form of relatively easy opponents in the initial stages. A certain number of tennis players (depending on the specific competition) with the highest current rating will be seeded. All other participants have equal status. They get their place in the grid by blind drawing.
SEMI-DIAGONAL the direction of the balls flight from one corner of the table to the middle of the table.
SENIOR a tennis player or female player who is 35 or older. In this case, only the year of birth is taken into account. The date and month are not taken into account. Seniors are a special caste of athletes who are often referred to as"veterans". Players who have reached the age of 60 receive a respectful prefix to the title. They are called "super senior". Many competitions are held among veterans. Some of them are organized by private patrons or tennis clubs. The International Tennis Federation has a whole department dedicated to holding tournaments for seniors. At the same time, there are competitions for both former professional players and age-old amateurs. For the latter, the most revered and significant tournament is the annual World Cup.
SERVING SERVICE making a submission. This term defines the entry of the ball into play. Serving – the first shot in the draw. The power and accuracy of the serve are often the main help to win a point. Only one player serves in a single game. In each draw, he is given two attempts to enter the ball into play. If both serves fail to reach their target (either out, in the net, or in violation of the rules), the serving player loses a point.
SET (PARTY) the largest scoring object in a tennis match. The game is lower in the hierarchy. To win the game, you must take six games, and the opponent must not win more than four. If the score is 6 6, then a tie break is played to determine the winner of the set. In Grand Slam tournaments, the decisive games exclude an extra game. That is why a set can end with a non-standard large score. For example, 10 8, 7 9, etc.
SET BALL a draw that can determine the winner of the game. In this case, both the serving player and the receiving player can have a set ball. There can be several set balls. For example, if the score in the final game is "0 40", the receiving player has three opportunities to finish the game in his favor. This means that the player has a triple set ball. Sports commentators and ordinary fans often use such phrases: "I played a set ball", "I couldnt realize a set ball" , etc.
SET BREAK time allowed for athletes to recover physically and emotionally between games. Each set is a separate game with its own storyline and denouement. After the game, players need to put their psychological state in order. The same applies to physical conditions. For example, a tennis player who loses a set should try to focus on the next game. A set break lasts 120 seconds. The duration of the break between games is regulated by Rule 24a.
SETOCHNIK a tennis player who feels great in the game at the net. As a rule, such athletes try to use their advantage, ending most of the draws with blows from the front line. For a prepared exit to the net, it is important to have in the arsenal a powerful serve and accurate shots "in place". These technical elements are a good tool for moving a tennis player to the front line in a reasonable way. In a doubles game, the term "netter" defines a player who is positioned at the net. Such a tennis player should also feel comfortable on the front line.
SHORT CROSS a diagonal stroke whose trajectory runs at an acute angle to the transverse central axis (grid). As a rule, after a good short cross, the ball lands in the square of the serve or on the half court closer to the corridor. This means that it is very difficult to reflect such a translation of the ball. Often, a high-quality and accurate short cross becomes the last shot in the draw. It is easier to make a short cross when you are "on the court". In this position, the risk of getting into the net or out is significantly reduced. But in any case, high qualification is required to perform such a complex technical element. A short cross requires precise calculation and perfect execution.
SHORT SET tennis is a term that translates from English as "short set". To win a shot set, you need to win not six, but only four games. At the same time, the two-game minimum advantage rule remains in effect. If the score in the set is 4 4, then a classic tie break is played. Shot sets allow you to reduce the total match time, which is important for visitors to tennis clubs or for players who prefer to identify the winner more dynamically. In addition, such a system increases the value of each game, which forces tennis players to treat each draw responsibly.
SHORTENED STROKE transfer of the ball to the opponents half of the field, in which the projectile is directed as close to the net as possible and has a reverse or combined rotation. Such strikes allow you to change the rhythm and tactical pattern of the game. In addition, a high-quality shortened one is almost guaranteed to win a point. Short strokes should always be disguised as active strong transfers. If a tennis player calculates the intention of his opponent to hold a shortened one, then he will be able to make a dash to the net in time. This means that the advantage will already be on his side. That is why the swing and movement of each part of the body should indicate that the blow will be powerful and deep. Only in the last phase does the racket open for a cut shot. If the opponent is at a decent distance from the dividing grid, then a shortened kick is quite a justified decision. For example, if an opponent runs out of the court, taking out a difficult knock-out shot, then his chances of making it to the shortened one are sharply reduced. Also a plus is the short distance to the net of the tennis player who performs the "shortening". The closer it is to the dividing fence, the faster the ball will be in the opponents half. Thus, the time resource for response actions is reduced. It is important to note that the ball should be sent along a low trajectory. This will give the rebound a "fading" effect and also reduce the projectiles flight time.
SHORTENING a technical technique with a forward locking movement of the hand, the goal of which is to reduce the forward speed of the ball, so that it hits as close as possible to the net on the side, and that after the first (or even second) rebound, it does not fly out of the table.
SIDE SPIN a kick that sets the ball to spin laterally. To do this, during the contact of the string surface with the ball, the racket must move forward and along the net. This movement sets the axis of lateral rotation, which can be perpendicular to the plane of the court or have a certain angle of deviation from the perpendicular. A side spin allows the ball to move horizontally during flight and after rebounding. This feature makes it more difficult for the enemy to perform a retaliatory strike. Most often, lateral rotation is used for cut serves. Sometimes side spin can be observed when performing shortened strokes. Side spin refers to the category of reliable transfers of the ball to the opponents side. This is especially true during innings. It should be noted that blows with rotation lose a certain part of the speed and power.
SIDE STEP a type of lateral movement, when the same leg takes a step in the direction of movement. In this case, the second leg is attached to the first. Throughout the entire process of movement, the feet are almost on the same line. If further lateral movement is planned, then the opposite leg is placed closer to the reference one. If a tennis player is at the required point on the court and is preparing to perform a kick, then he becomes in the starting stance (legs approximately shoulder-width apart). The side step is used to move along the back line. This movement option allows the player to constantly see the ball and the opponent. In addition, it is very convenient to make raznozhka from the side step (preparation for impact).
SIDE SURFACE OF THE TABLE a table surface located vertically relative to the playing surface of the table.
SIDE TOP SPIN top spin, when performing which the ball is additionally given a side rotation in addition to the top right and left.
SLICE a cut shot that gives the ball a combined spin (bottom and side). As a result, the projectile deviates in flight from a straight direction, and also has a complex unpredictable rebound. To perform a slice shot, the racket must follow a downward trajectory from top to bottom and along the net. At the same time, the hand and forearm make up a strong rigid structure. It is this movement that simultaneously sets the reverse and lateral rotation. A slice can be made either as a backhand or as a forehand. This makes this technical element quite versatile and can be used in many situations. A high-quality cut with lateral rotation significantly complicates retaliatory counter-actions.
SLIDER a tennis player who relies on his functional training and running work. At the same time, the player does not pay special attention to the accuracy of his punches. As a rule, this tactic is chosen by beginners. This strategy is also suitable for hardy and fast players. It is clear that the runners do not manage to keep fresh throughout the match. They are overtaken by banal fatigue. Therefore, such tennis players have only one option for success in the match – a quick victory. Runners are players who dont have a very well-placed shot. That is why they have to play with a margin to avoid getting balls out. This allows the opponent to sharpen the situation by playing deep under the back line or in corners.
SLOW COURT a playground for lawn tennis, the surface of which is characterized by a slow bounce of the ball. The most common slow coatings are ground and carpet. A huge number of prestigious competitions are held on clay courts, including the Grand Slam tournament (Roland Garros). The slow bounce of the ball makes its own adjustments to the tactics of the game. The fact is that on the ground it is much more difficult to perform a knockout blow. This is why slow-speed sweepstakes last longer than on hard or grass. Tennis players carefully prepare their attacks, which requires them to have good strategic thinking, stamina and an impressive technical arsenal. Players who achieve high results on clay are characterized by excellent physical and psychological preparation.
SMASH overhead kick.
SOFT FOCUS a specialized term that in lawn tennis means peripheral vision. Soft focus plays a huge role in controlling the ball and the opponent. The fact is that when performing a swing, the athlete most often turns the body perpendicular to the grid. This means that the opponent disappears from the direct line of sight for a split second. This is where peripheral vision comes to the rescue. A player with a well-developed soft focus is able to assess the opponents location or maneuver while standing sideways to them. Based on the information received by the peripheral vision, the tennis player can change the direction of the stroke in time. For example, send the ball in the opposite direction.
SOURCE RACK universal position of the tennis player facing the net, which gives him the opportunity to react to any blow of the opponent. Only the maximum readiness and ability to move dynamically around the court can ensure success in the draw. To do this, the leg muscles should be elastic and slightly tense. Thus, a "spring" effect is achieved, which allows you to start abruptly from a place in any sector of the site. In the initial stance, the body weight is slightly shifted forward. It is necessary to make a small slope towards the grid. However, you can not fall too far. The athlete must balance on the balls of his toes. The string surface of the racket is perpendicular to the court. After the player has determined the trajectory of the ball and their further actions, the weight of the body is transferred to the direction of the future maneuver. This can be a kick from the spot, a dash to the net, or a move along the back line.
SPADE (ZASHAG, FOOT FAULT) a situation where a player steps in (takes over)when serving go to the back line. The rules clearly state the allowed position during submission. The player must be positioned diagonally from the desired square to which the ball should be directed. At the same time, the athlete must be behind the back line and within the area bounded by imaginary "extensions" of the middle and side lines. The depth of the tennis players position before serving does not matter. If a player steps on the back line while serving, a "foot foul" is called (literally means "foot error"). This situation qualifies as an error on the serve, akin to an out or hitting the ball in the net. Zashag on the first serve simply "selects" the attempt. If a spade (foot foul) is caught on the second serve, the serving athlete loses a point.
SPORTS COMPETITIONS different in nature of activity, scale and goals, specially organized events, where participants in the course of non-antagonistic rivalry in strictly regulated conditions compete for the championship, achieve a certain result, compare their level of fitness in the sport of table tennis.
SPORTS UNIFORM current level of the tennis players game. This parameter consists of the following points: the level of physical fitness; psychological stability; stability of technical elements. Few tennis players can constantly keep their fitness at its peak. The level of fitness of an athlete is a kind of sinusoid. Professionals try to ensure that they are at the peak of their readiness for important tournaments. To do this, an individual schedule for speeding up the training process is calculated. A players form can play a crucial role in individual competitions. Often, average tennis players gain excellent conditions in a certain period of time, which allows them to fight on equal terms with the leaders.
STABILIZING STEP a small sub-step with a dissimilar foot during the execution of a technical element. This movement adds stability and balance, which has a positive effect on the power and speed of the impact. Very often, the stabilizing step is called "entering the ball". Making a sub-step, the tennis player has the opportunity to correctly choose the moment of contact of the string surface with the ball. If the racket meets the projectile further or closer than the optimal point, the flight path will not fully correspond to the intended direction.
STEERING WHEEL (GET A STEERING WHEEL) a slang expression that means a crushing defeat in a set. At the same time, the losing tennis player does not manage to win a single game. In his column, there is a zero, which tennis fans compare with the steering wheel. The opponent gains the required six games. If there are tennis players with a big difference in class on the court, then often the sets end with a score of "6 0". In such cases, both fans and TV commentators can use the following expressions: "the player got the steering wheel", "the tennis player stayed with the steering wheel" , etc.
STIFF LEGS fatigue and clogged leg muscles. In this state, the player loses the ability to move quickly and rapidly around the court. To demonstrate a good level of tennis, the leg muscles should be in good shape. This allows you to perform a high-quality raznozhku and be ready for a dash for the ball. Stiff legs are the result of fatigue or poor physical fitness. At the same time, the possibilities of a tennis player plummet. The strength and accuracy of the kick also largely depend on good footwork. Muscle stiffness makes it difficult to perform almost any technical element.
STIFF WRIST (HAND) tension of the arm muscles, which provides the most stable and strong line of the forearm and hand. This rigid construction is especially important when performing strikes from the summer. The hand and racket create a strong reflective surface that guides the ball in the right direction. If the brush does not have the necessary degree of rigidity, then the correct blow will not work.
STOP STEP the last phase of footwork when changing the direction of movement or when hitting a distant ball. In such cases, the foot of the same name (closest to the side of impact or the direction of movement) is placed perpendicular to the line of movement. This allows the tennis player to stop abruptly to perform a technical element or start shifting in the opposite direction. Stop step involves an increased load on the ankle joint, which can cause injury. That is why such a technical element should be performed as carefully as possible. It also makes sense to reduce the number of stop steps in the game. This can be achieved by more active footwork and miscalculation of the opponents actions. If a tennis player has more time to maneuver, then the need for a stop step will disappear. The player will be able to pre-position himself at the desired point of the court. This means that sudden stops and changes of direction will be minimized.
STOP VOLLEY a shortened stroke that has been performed since the summer. At the same time, the reception of the ball is maximally softened, which provides the projectile with a shorter flight path. When performing foot volleys, the hand should be very stiff and the forearm relaxed. This design reduces the kinetic energy of the ball. The projectile descends immediately near the net after a stop of volleys. A good shortened kick makes it harder for the opponent to work. Even if the opponent can reach the ball, the probability of an active attack is minimized.
STRETCH MARK a slang expression used in tennis to indicate the tension of the strings of a racket. This parameter is measured in kilograms or pounds. It is believed that the optimal string tension ranges from 28 29 kg or 50 70 lb. High-quality stretch of the string surface ensures comfortable work with the ball. The optimal string tension should give a balance between the control of the stroke and the size of the playing spot. With the same head size and string characteristics, the rigidity of the racket depends on the tension pattern. For example, the 18/20 pattern provides more tension than the 18/19 string ratio. The first number indicates the number of longitudinal strings, the second – transverse. During the stroke, the ball receives about 60% of its energy from the string surface. This means that the quality of the stretch affects the quality of the athletes game. Experts advise pulling the racket after every 40 hours of active use. You should also contact a specialist if the string tension has decreased by 25 %. String surfaces with poor stretch are popularly called "mattresses". With such a racket, it is very difficult to control the trajectory of the ball or give the projectile the intended rotation.
STRETCHING a set of exercises for stretching ligaments, tendons and muscles. Any training session or match starts with stretching. Such warm-up exercises significantly reduce the risk of injury. A sharp load on the muscles or ligaments without proper warming up can lead to sad consequences. Stretching isnt just about warming up before a game or workout. Complex stretching is also necessary to perform after serious physical exertion. This will help restore muscles and ligaments, as well as maintain their elasticity. Many tennis fans neglect stretching after a tiring, intense workout. Meanwhile, stretching is the perfect ending for such activities. When stretching, you need to pay attention to your breathing and "listen" to your body. Any painful sensations indicate incorrect exercise performance or too much pressure.
STRINGER master of stretching the string surface of a tennis racket. Every tennis player knows that the quality of the stroke depends on the tension of the strings. Many professionals have been searching for years for the ideal parameters of racket elasticity. The level of comfortable tension is within certain limits (28 29 kg or 50 70 lb), but in this range you can achieve fine adjustment to the specific wishes of the athlete. Today, string tensioning is done by specially trained people, stringers. They know every nuance of working with strings. Almost all professionals use the services of the same stringer. Such a "personal" master pulls the racket, taking into account all the wishes of his client. Among professionals, there is an opinion that the correct tension of the strings provides 70% of the result on the court. Therefore, each athlete is extremely painstaking in this procedure. During operation, any racket loses its original elasticity. The loss of optimal tension reduces the quality of strokes and does not allow you to get the proper satisfaction from tennis. Therefore, experts advise regularly pulling the string surfaces, returning the elasticity parameters. Of course, you can do this yourself. However, only experienced stringers will be able to pull the racket professionally and efficiently, extending its service life as much as possible.
SUBMIT FOR THE MATCH (SUBMIT FOR THE MATCH) a situation in which the serving player can end the game in his favor with one successful draw. For three-set matches, the match will be served if the tennis player has only one point left to win two games. In five-set confrontations, this situation occurs when the next point can write the number "3"in the set column. Each serve for a match is a very big emotional strain for both tennis players. The price of such a draw is rapidly increasing.
SUPER TIEBREAK a tie-break in which you need to win not 7, but 10 points to win. At the same time, the gap from the losing player must be at least two draws. When the score is 9 9, the game continues until one of the tennis players achieves the required advantage (for example, 11 9 or 10 12). A super tiebreak can be played instead of a deciding set. As a rule, such a replacement is practiced at veteran or junior competitions. This crucial part of the match is sometimes called a "champion tie-break".
SUPERVISOR a person who is an official representative of an association or federation at a particular tennis tournament. The supervisor performs the function of tracking all organizational moments. It is this official who has the most powerful word when making any decision. For example, the supervisor decides whether to stop a match in case of unfavorable weather conditions.
SWING RANGE the position of the racket corresponding to the maximum possible retraction of the arm. Thus, this point is the starting point for starting a strike. From the position of the maximum swing amplitude, the athlete makes an effort and directs the racket towards the ball. Naturally, the length of the path to the ball depends on the power and strength of the impact. A short swing cannot ensure a fast and powerful flight of the ball. That is why, when playing on the back line, tennis players very often use the maximum amplitude of the swing. An exception may be situations when a player is going to perform a cut, shortened or "soft" kick.
TABLE TENNIS PLAYER TRAINING an integral part of the tennis player training system, a controlled specialized pedagogical process built on the basis of a system of exercises and aimed at teaching game techniques and tactical actions, improving technical and tactical skills, developing physical abilities, educating mental, moral and volitional qualities that determine the readiness of tennis players to achieve high sports achievements.
TABLE TENNIS PLAYER TRAINING SYSTEM a set of activities aimed at training table tennis players who meet the model characteristics of the strongest players and are able to show the highest sports results.
TACTICAL APPROACH a specific method of solving a specific tactical problem used by the athlete during the competition.
TACTICAL COMBINATION a consistent combination of technical and technical techniques combined into a single whole and aimed at achieving an advantage over the enemy. Combinations can be two-way, three-way, or multi-way.
TACTICAL TRAINING OF TENNIS PLAYERS a pedagogical process aimed at perfect mastery of tactical actions and ensuring their high efficiency in game and competitive activities.
TEAM COMPETITIONS competitions (competitions) between teams, when the results of individual participants are counted only to the team.
TECHNICAL APPROACH a purposeful action for solving certain motor tasks, used during competitions and training. In table tennis, all technical techniques are of a shock nature-a way of handling the ball using rational actions that are similar in structure and aimed at solving the same type of problems.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION a separate tactical action that includes certain technical elements and is aimed simultaneously at solving the tasks of both technical and tactical training.
TECHNICAL TRAINING OF TENNIS PLAYERS a pedagogical process aimed at perfect mastery of game techniques and ensuring the reliability of skills in game and competitive activities.
TENNIS CANNON a device that shoots balls. The tennis cannon allows you to conduct a full training session without a sparring partner. Moreover, by setting a high ball feed rate, you can make much more shots than in the usual mode of operation. The cannon can send balls to a single point, which allows you to focus solely on practicing your hitting technique. If you set the constant sector change mode for serving, the athlete will be forced to move around the court, performing a lot of running work. This setting option simulates a game with a live opponent. Tennis cannons can create any game situation: from a strong serve to a high candle. This versatility allows you to independently work out all existing types of strikes.
TENNIS COURT lawn tennis court. The length of the court is 23.77 m. The width parameter is different for singles and doubles. If the game is played one - on-one, then the width of the court is 8.23 m, and if pairs compete-10.97 m (plus the width of two corridors). The transverse central axis divides the site into two identical halves. The dividing grid is located along this line. The court layout defines its limits, serving squares, and corridors. Professional tournaments are held on grass, dirt and synthetic (hard) courts. The remaining surfaces are either social (for public use) or training. An important characteristic of the court is the speed of the balls bounce. This parameter affects the pace and strategy of the game. The fastest surface is grass. However, this type of courts is gradually losing its position. The reason is the high cost of operating such tennis courts. Hard is also a fast surface, but the ball bounces slightly slower. Clay courts are the slowest. The knockout punch is much harder to make on such a surface. Thats why ground draws last longer. Quite a lot of courts are arranged indoors or equipped with sliding roofs. This makes it possible to hold tournaments or practice sessions in any weather.
TENNIS PLAYER RATING a special system that determines the place of a tennis player in the general list of athletes. There are mens (ATP ranking) and womens (WTA ranking) rankings. Each of these lists is updated daily, taking into account the current results of all athletes. The rating is formed by awarding points for successful performances at tournaments. Each competition has a certain status and awards a fixed number of points (for example, the winner of any Masters tournament gets 1000 points). The further an athlete progresses in the tournament grid, the more points he will be able to write down to his asset. The number of points affects the place in the ranking. High places in the ranking allow tennis players to get the status of "seeded" in competitions, which in some ways simplifies the promotion of the tournament grid. At the end of each season, the eight highest ranked players play in the Final Tournament. The term "rating" can be used to determine the place of an athlete in the overall table. For example, "Pete Sampras has the fourth rating", "Andre Agassi added one point to his rating" , etc.
TENNIS PLAYERS ELBOW a disease characterized by damage to the extensor tendons of the hand and fingers. Most often, this ailment is associated with a violation of the functions of the short radial extensor of the wrist. Tennis players elbow is a disease that is not unique to athletes. Failure of the joints and extensors leads to serious discomfort and pain. Tennis players feel the full severity of the disease when performing a backhand, topspin or serve. Well-known experts who study the disease "tennis elbow", note that the disease is most often manifested when using a racket with a small handle. This is exactly what beginners and parents who bring their children to sports clubs should pay attention to.
TENNIS PLAYERS OF A UNIVERSAL STYLE OF PLAY athletes who are almost equally successful in attacking, counter-attacking and defensive actions; players with a wide profile.
THE RACE part of the tennis court between the back or side lines and the fence. In other words, it is a space behind the court in which tennis players can move freely. There are guidelines for the size of the playground, including side and back running. For professionals, the width of the race is of great importance. Very often, players have to run far out of the court to get a difficult flying ball. With short races, this task may be simply impossible.
THE RIGHT BALL the referees verdict that the ball hit the court. If the game is played without a referee, then this decision is made in concert by both athletes. The fact is that tennis is a very dynamic and fast game. The speed of the ball can reach 200 km/h or more. That is why there are often controversial situations regarding the definition of an out. The referee on the line may make a mistake (human factor). In addition, tennis players themselves often challenge the verdict of the line referee. In such disputable situations, the final decision is made by the referee on the tower. Also, in some tournaments, the "eagle eye" system works, which calculates the point where the ball hits with almost no errors. If the head referee (or "eagle eye") determines a hit on the court, then the "correct ball" is declared.
THE RIM the component element of a tennis racket on which the strings are fixed. The shape and size of the rim have undergone major changes since the introduction of lawn tennis (the first name for modern lawn tennis). Well-known sports brands are constantly working to improve the characteristics and quality of their products. In the late 80s of the last century, Wilson released a tennis racket with a wide rim. The new model made quite a splash. After that, almost all brands began to produce rackets with a thickened rim. As the rim width increases, the impact force increases. This means that tennis players can send the ball much more powerfully. This advantage is especially evident when playing on the back line. The rim thickness of a modern tennis racket ranges from 18 to 30 mm. It is clear that a thickened rim requires more manufacturing material. This affects the cost of the racket.
THE SUBMITTER the player who must be the first to hit the ball in the point draw.
TIE BREAK an additional game, which helps to identify the winner in the set, if each of the tennis players won six games. Tiebreaking is sometimes called "shootouts". Many people believe that the decisive game is similar to a lottery or football penalty shootout, as the price of each ball increases significantly. In a tie-break, the score is calculated using the usual natural series of numbers (1,2,3, etc.). To win an additional game, you must win seven draws. At the same time, the opponent must be at least two points behind (7 5, 0 7). If the score gap is smaller, then the game continues until one of the athletes can provide the desired advantage (10 8, 9 11).
TIME OUT a break in a match that occurs at the initiative of one of the players. In professional tennis, there are two types of time outs: toilet and medical. Men are allowed one toilet break if the match consists of three sets. Five-set games involve two toilet timeouts for each participant. Male tennis players can only take a break during a set break (break between games). At the same time, the time out is not regulated (the player must meet the appropriate time limit). Naturally, the referee can make some exceptions in emergency situations. Women and juniors can take two toilet timeouts per match. The break cannot last longer than 5 minutes. If a break is taken during a set break, the toilet timeout is added to the break between games. Tennis players can take a medical timeout at any time of the match. The number of such breaks should correspond to the number of injuries. Medical assistance may not last more than three minutes. The doctor is allowed to perform any procedures (usually massage or "freezing") except injections.
TIME OUT! (TIME) a special team of the main referee of a tennis match, which warns players about the completion of warm-up or rest during the game. Before each match, tennis players are given time to warm up. They work out various technical elements and adapt on the court. After the "Time Out!" command, the match participants finish their warm-up and prepare for the start of the match. Also, the "Time!" command serves as a signal to stop the break allowed to players between sets or during the change of sides.
TIMING time distribution of all phases of the kick (from moving to the ball to the phase of leaving the technical element). To perform a high-quality kick, it is important to calculate the optimal point of contact of the string surface with the ball. Any inaccuracy at this stage can lead to serious errors in the flight path and impact force. Perfect timing comes only with hours of practice. Constant training gives the tennis player the opportunity to work out the exact distribution of time for each element of the stroke. The level of play of the athlete largely depends on the approximation of the timing to the ideal.
TONE IMPACT a fast, top-finishing spin with a more direct trajectory of the ball; performed with the goal of immediately winning a point.
TOP SURFACE OF THE TABLE the so-called "playing surface", 2.74 m long and 1.525 m wide, should be rectangular and lie in a horizontal plane at a height of 76 cm from the floor. The playing surface includes the upper edges of the table, but not the sides below the edges, can be made of any material and must provide a uniform rebound of about 23 cm when a standard ball falls on it from a height of 30 cm. The playing surface of the table should be a matte, uniform dark color with a white "side line" 2 cm wide along each edge on the 2.74 m side and a white "end line" also 2 cm wide along each edge of 1.525 m. The playing surface of the table should be divided into 2 halves by a vertical grid located parallel to the end lines, continuous throughout. For doubles games, each half should be divided into 2 equal " half squares "by a white" center " line 3 mm wide running parallel to the side lines; the center line should be considered part of each right half square.
TOP TEN tennis players who occupy the top ten positions in the ATP (WTA) rankings. The official rating is updated every week. The position of an athlete is determined by the number of points that he earns in competitions. The more prestigious the tournament, the more points a tennis player can get. Naturally, it all depends on how far the player progresses in the tournament grid. For both men and women, the "top ten" is an example of a high level of play and stability. All athletes strive to get to the top of the rating. This gives you some privileges in competitions (for example, getting into the seeding). Also important is the status that gets a tennis player (tennis player), getting into the top ten. Such an achievement for many becomes the peak of their career.
TOPSPIN powerful kick with strong top spin. Such a technical element is in the arsenal of almost every professional tennis player. Especially often top spins are used when playing on slow surfaces. Overhead kicks give the ball a steeper flight path. The projectile drops sharply into the court and has a very high rebound. To perform a top spin, you must aim the racket forward and up during the stroke. This movement sets the ball to rotate around its axis as needed. The term "comb the ball" is very often used. A powerful top spin under the back line makes the opponents work as difficult as possible. Very often, such a blow becomes an excellent preparation for a decisive attack.
TOUCHING THE CABLE a situation where the ball hits the top of the dividing net when serving. In such cases, the referee loudly announces " Grid!". If the ball hits the feed square after touching the cable, the attempt is repeated. If the round goes out after hitting the net, the attempt is considered an error (if it happened on the second serve, the player loses a point).
TOUR a number of tennis competitions, based on the results of which the rating of professional athletes is maintained. The most important tour for mens tennis players is held under the auspices of the ATP. The competition complex is called the "ATP World Tour". The most powerful and elite tour for women is held under the auspices of the WTA. Womens tennis players earn points at the Grand Slam tournaments, the Premier Series of tournaments, and the Womens Tennis Associations International series of tournaments. Women also take part in the Fed Cup (similar to the Davis Cup).
TOURNAMENT GRID placement of tennis players, which is determined by seeding and drawing lots. Each athlete who gets into the main part of the competition gets his place, which determines the opponent in the first round and the likely future opponents (if they win). The size of the tournament grid depends on the number of participants (for example, 16, 24, 32). The biggest competitions are the Grand Slam or Major Tournaments. 128 athletes take part in such competitions. Some of the players registered for the tournament are seeded. They do not participate in the draw and are placed in the grid so that they do not meet each other in the first stages. All other participants have equal status. Their place in the tournament bracket is determined by a blind draw.
TOURNAMENT GRID SIZE a parameter that is determined by the number of participants. At professional competitions, use the following dimensions for the grid:: 8, 16, 24, 48, 64, 128. After registration of all participants of the competition, the grids for qualification and for the main tournament are determined. The size of the main grid corresponds to the Provisions of a particular competition. As a rule, places for seeded athletes are determined first. For example, the first seeded player is ranked first in the grid, and the second seeded player is ranked last. Thus, the two strongest tennis players, if they win each match, can only meet in the final. After determining the places for seeded athletes, a draw is held for the remaining participants. If the number of players is less than the size of the tournament grid, then a "conditional" participant is introduced. A player who hits a conditional opponent will automatically advance to the next round.
TRAJECTORY the path that the ball takes.
TRAJECTORY OF THE BALL the balls flight and rebound path, direction, range, and altitude (steepness) of flight.
TWINER a kick in which a tennis player sends the ball between his legs with his back to the net. This technical element looks very impressive, but it is used only in emergency cases. A tweener may be the only option for retaliating if the opponent successfully circled with a high candle. In this case, the ball falls under the back line, and the tennis player makes a dash for the projectile. As a rule, the player does not have a temporary resource for a convenient strike. He only needs to perform a "tweener". During the last step, the athlete tries to put his feet approximately shoulder-width apart. At this point, the racket makes a short swing and catches the ball approximately at the level of the shin. A tweener cannot be an offensive hit. His only goal is to break the ball through the net. After this technical element, the tennis player must quickly turn to face the opponent and try to take an optimal position on the court.
TWIST SERVE Twist serve – a serve in which the ball is given a strong acceleration and a significant upper rotation. This makes it possible to better control the trajectory of the projectile, and also provides a complex high rebound. To perform a twist feed, you need to make a toss slightly to the left of the body (for a right-handed person). At the same time, the ball should not go too far from the athlete. The swing is made with a large amplitude. The arm is relaxed. This allows you to make a whiplash movement of the brush during the contact of the racket with the ball, which gives the necessary rotation. An important difference between the twist feed is its high speed. This introduction of the ball into play combines strength and "spin". This symbiosis creates serious difficulties for the opponent.
TWISTED (BALL) a ball that is given a translational rotation in the direction of flight, causing a high rebound when landing.
TWISTED CANDLE a kind of top spin that gives the ball a high flight path and a strong top spin.
TWISTED PUNCH a kick that sets the balls top spin. This effect is achieved when the racket moves from bottom to top and forward. The string surface sort of "combs" the ball. The axis of rotation in this case can be deviated from the vertical by almost 90 degrees. After a twisted kick, the ball flies in a high arc and descends into the court. This feature of the trajectory allows you to significantly reduce the probability of hitting the "round" in the grid. A kick with a strong upper spin is called a "topspin". Almost every good player has such a technical element in their arsenal. A twisted kick is characterized by a high rebound. This makes it very difficult for the opponent to receive the ball. After contact with the surface of the court, the "round" sharply gains height and leaves the comfortable strike zone.
TWO-HANDED GRIP grip the racket with both hands to strengthen the impact and control the swing. As a rule, this type of grip is used to improve the quality of a backhand (for a right-handed person). The right hand is placed closer to the end of the racket, and the left-to the head. It is the left hand that is the main one in this grip. It is responsible for the main component of the impact force. It is difficult for beginners or children to play from the uncomfortable side. Therefore, a two-handed grip can be very relevant during the training process. However, such a grip is not a panacea. Many trainers are sure that the two-handed option is not suitable for everyone. It is logical to first try to work out a more familiar blow with one hand. In professional tennis, it is not uncommon to find players using two hands to make punches from the wrong side. Especially often this technique is performed by women.
UNFORCED ERROR a situation where a player sends the ball out or hits the net from a convenient position. Such unsuccessful actions are included in the official match statistics. If a player is in a good position to strike back and has enough time to make a decision, but they miss, then this action falls under the definition of"unforced error". However, in such cases, it is very difficult to take into account, for example, the force of rotation of the ball. It is possible that the opponent gave the "round" the strongest "twist", which provoked a difficult rebound. Such balls are difficult to deflect even from an advantageous position, although visually the strike seems quite simple. Unforced errors continue to be important statistical information along with actively won draws and takedown innings. It is clear that a large number of such unsuccessful actions are sinned by aggressive tennis players. The fact is that they try to win the draw from any convenient position. This tactic is associated with a certain amount of risk and, therefore, with frequent hits in the out or net. A great player keeps the number of unforced errors to a minimum. In most cases, this makes it possible to ensure a positive result in the match.
UNIVERSAL GRIP one of the most common and simple ways to fix a tennis racket in your hand. You can often hear other names for this grip: saber or continental. For a universal grip, place the base of the index finger on the upper right side of the handle (for a right-handed person). In this case, the string surface must be perpendicular to the surface of the court. When the hand wraps around the handle of the racket, the gap between the index finger and thumb should be on the upper edge. This method of fixation allows you to perform all possible types of strokes. Hence the name of the grip "universal". Theoretically, the continental grip allows you to play a tennis match without changing the position of the hand on the handle of the racket. In the old days, this was the case. However, the modern realities of professional tennis have leveled the "versatility" of this grip. The fact is that by moving the brush clockwise or counterclockwise along the edges, you can significantly improve the quality of a particular technical element. For example, if a right-hander moves the base of his index finger to the lower right edge, he can give the ball a more powerful upper rotation. Also, a certain change in grip enhances or adds variability to the backhand. This is why professionals have been using the universal grip mainly when serving and during play since the summer. In these situations, such a fixation of the racket is as convenient as possible.
UTESHILOVKA an additional competition that involves players who lost in the main tournament. One of the variants of "consolation" involves drawing all the places in the tournament grid. This system is similar to the improved Olympic version. For example, if the size of the tournament grid is 16, then you need to determine the tennis player for each position. This means that the players who lose in the first round find out their place in the "consolation" (from 9 to 16). Those who are eliminated in the second round compete for 5th 8th places and so on Also, "consolation" can only be held for players who lost in the first round. In this case, after the start stage of the competition, two parallel grids are drawn up: for the main tournament and for the consolation tournament. This option is often found at veteran competitions.
VAMOS (VAMOS!) an impulsive shout from tennis players that is designed to provide an athlete with an emotional release or turn him on. Translated from Spanish, "vamos" has several meanings. In sports, this word means " come on!", being an analog of another common encouraging cry" Komon! " (Come on). It is clear that "vamos!" is most often heard from Spanish-speaking athletes. Such an exclamation can be addressed to yourself or your opponent. Shouting "Come on!" sounds appropriate both when the match is going well for the tennis player and when the athlete cant find his game. In any case, such a demonstration of emotions makes the game more interesting and rich.
VERTICAL GRIP a method of holding a racket, in which the handle of the racket is directed upwards, and the axis of the racket passes perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the table. The thumb and index fingers wrap around the handle of the racket as if holding a fountain pen, the other three fingers are conveniently located on the back of the racket in a fan or superimposed one on top of the other.
VIBRATION DAMPENER a special tennis accessory that dampens the vibrations generated after the racket comes into contact with the ball. After each hit on the tennis racket, there are certain vibrations. All of them are passed to the hand. This effect has a very negative effect on the elbow and shoulder joints. Harmful vibrations can cause various injuries to the hand. That is why tennis players use a vibration damper-a device designed to level out dangerous "recoil". The vibration damper is a plastic or rubber attachment that is attached to the center of the lower cross string. This accessory may have a different design design. Thus, the vibration damper can become a stylish addition to the athletes image.
WALLEY BLOCK volley) kick from the summer, which resembles a kind of block. The fact is that this option of returning the ball to the opponents side practically does not involve a swing. The racket is placed short and hard, creating a surface of reflection for the ball sent by the opponent. When performing block volleys, the opponents strike force is used. If it is not enough, then you can take a step towards the ball. This increases the strength and power of the impact, which allows you to direct the "round" to the back line or in the corner. Very often, when blocking a blow from the summer, athletes slightly deflect the racket. This technique sets the ball to reverse rotation, making the shot more reliable and making it more difficult for the opponent to work. However, it is important to remember that a spinning ball flies slightly slower.
WASHED DOWN a technique that gives the ball a very strong lower rotation due to the active operation of the brush. It can be performed at any distance from the table.
WILD CARD special invitation for a tennis player who did not qualify for the main draw either by rating or through a qualifying tournament. Usually, the organizers analyze the players performance at other tournaments, audience preferences, and other nuances. Often, a wild card is awarded to the country where the competition is held. This increases the chances of success of a local athlete, which stimulates spectator interest and increases match attendance. There have been cases when tennis players who received a wild card became the winners of the tournament. We can mention Goran Ivanisevics triumph at Wimbledon. The Croatian got into the main draw thanks to the wild card.
WINNER a tennis term that has several meanings. This word is called a winning draw after active actions of a tennis player. This can be a straight shot, a powerful cross that the opponent cant handle, or any other successful attacking action. Official match statistics always contain information about the winners. The number of such actively won balls largely reflects the strategic pattern of a particular tennis players game. If the athlete chose a cautious tactic, then he will have few winners. Also, the English word "winner" can be translated as "winner". Therefore, the term is quite applicable to a tennis player (s) who has won a tournament, match, set, or game.
WTA (WTA) Womens Tennis Association. This organization holds the most significant series of tournaments for professional tennis players. The WTA was founded by Billie Jean King, who is known for her desperate struggle for equal rights for men and women in professional tennis. The WTA has its own rating, which is analogous to the ATP mens rating. Points earned at Womens Tennis Association tournaments are counted for each player. To get into the ranking, you need to score at least 10 points or take part in at least three tournaments per season.
YANDEX. DRIVE a strong and sharp blow. To perform this technical element, it is necessary to apply all the available power. It is clear that the amplitude of the swing is an important point. As a rule, a drive is the final or sharpening blow. Very often, tennis players give the ball a top spin. Thus, drive is a variation of topspin. To perform a drive, you need to approach the ball well and accurately "catch" the rebound. Only in this case, you can count on an accurate and strong blow that will bring the final success in the draw.
YEARS (LET) the referees command, which means that a point must be replayed. As a rule, the situation with replaying the draw occurs during the submission. If the ball has caught the cable, but has hit the right square, the referee declares"Let". A "let" verdict is also issued if the receiving player was not ready to serve. The server must make sure that his opponent is ready to play. Only then can you enter the ball. There are unspoken rules that oblige the player at the reception to maintain a normal pace of the game. This means that the receiving athlete should try to switch to ready ball reception mode as quickly as possible.
ZASHAG the tennis players spade is placed on the back line during the serve. The rules of the game clearly define the possible position of the player when introducing the ball into play. The athlete must be in a sector that is located diagonally to the square for submission. At the same time, the player must not cross the imaginary extensions of the side and center lines, and also does not have the right to step on or step on the back line. A step is considered an error. If such a violation of the rules was recorded on the first serve, the player is given a second attempt. A spade during the second serve means losing a point. Line judges monitor compliance with the rules during submission. It is they who signal the spade to the chief referee.
attack an active offensive game with the goal of owning the initiative and achieving a winning point.
backspin setting the ball to rotate around its axis. There are several rotation options: • top; • side; • bottom; • combined. Almost every stroke in modern lawn tennis is accompanied by a twist. The result of such actions is a complicated rebound, which makes it difficult to conduct a counterattack. A powerful kick with a strong upper twist is called a "topspin". After touching the surface of the court, the ball has a very high bounce. The projectile quickly leaves the comfort zone of the impact, which virtually eliminates an aggressive accentuated response. The arcing trajectory of the ball after a topspin reduces the chances of hitting the net. The lower twist is used for cut and shortened punches. This rotation also helps guide the ball more accurately through the dividing net. The reverse twist provides an unpleasant fading low bounce. Combined rotation is most often observed when performing a serve or a roundhouse kick. Entering the ball into the game with such a twist is one of the most reliable. In addition, the ball bounces to the side after contact with the court.
ball sports equipment used for interrupting each other with rackets. Table tennis ball a ball made of frosted celluloid or a similar mass of white or orange color. The ball must be spherical, with a diameter of 40 mm. Ball weight up to 2.7 g.
candle a ball that flies over an opponent standing at the net.
code punishing an athlete on a four-step penalty scale. In lawn tennis, there is a generally accepted Code of Conduct for the player. It describes all the rules (on-court behavior, dress code, etc.) that an athlete must adhere to. For violation of any rule of the Players Code of Conduct, the referee has the right to impose penalties, which are called the "code". The first stage of punishment is an oral warning. If a tennis player (s) repeatedly violates the rules of the "Code", the referee awards a point to the opponent. The third relapse is already punishable by automatic loss of the current game. The most severe penalty is the removal of an athlete from the tournament. This is the last "code".
counter a device for visual scoring (changing the result in a meeting).
couple a team in lawn tennis that consists of two athletes. There are three types of pairs: • male; • female; • mixed (mixed). Separate tournaments are held for each of these categories. The rules of the doubles game are almost identical to the rules of the singles game. The only difference is the size of the playground. During matches involving pairs, corridor areas are added to the scoring field. Thus, the width of the court increases to 18.29 m. Playing in pairs has its own nuances. Here, understanding your partners comes to the fore. Often, it is good interaction within the team that allows you to win over a stronger or more experienced couple.
dampening damping vibrations that are generated in the racket during a stroke. Vibrations transmitted to the hand can cause a wide variety of injuries. That is why racket manufacturers have developed special systems that absorb more "harmful" vibrations. Such damping devices are installed in the handle of a tennis racket. It is clear that they do not absorb all vibrations. However, the chances of getting injured are noticeably lower.
evenly a situation where each player needs to win two consecutive goals to win a game. Winning a game is guaranteed by winning four draws. In this case, the opponent must not win more than two goals. If both players have scored three points, the score becomes 40 40 or "exactly". After winning one draw, the tennis player gets an advantage that gives him the opportunity to end the game in his favor with the next ball (score "more" or "less"). If a player fails to score a game ball (or break point), the score becomes "even" again.
fork one of the three main parts of a tennis racket that connects the handle and rim. In the modern version, this part has a V-shaped shape. That is why the fork is sometimes called a "dovetail". This part of the racket is responsible for the stability and rigidity of the product. Very often, it is on the surface of the fork that information about the characteristics of the racket is applied. "Dovetail" is a forked extension of the handle, at the ends of which there is a rim. Sometimes this part of the racket is called the "open neck".
grid the referees command when the ball touches the net but hits the opponents field of play.
hallway a dedicated part of the tennis court that is located on the sides of the lines that limit the single-player field. The term "corridor" is very appropriate for this space, as it is an elongated strip along both sides of the court. The width of each of the corridors is 137 cm. This size also includes the thickness of the markup lines. In a pair game, the corridors become part of the scoring area. A ball that hits this space is considered correct. Very often fans and sports commentators use such phrases: "sent the ball along the corridor", "hit the corridor", "put the ball next to the corridor" , etc.
less the advantage of one point of the receiving player, which was obtained after the score is 40 40 or "exactly". To win a game, a tennis player must win four draws and beat his opponent by at least two goals. If each player wins three draws, the score becomes 40 40. In this case, to win, each of the tennis players must win two draws in a row. If the receiving player wins a point with a score of 40 40, the score becomes "less". To win a game, the receiving athlete must win one draw, and the serving athlete must win three in a row. If the score is "less than", the next ball is a break point. If a tennis player fails to realize a break point, the score becomes "even" again.
loop slang name for a loop swing. This is exactly the shape that the racket describes when performing this technical element. The loop is more typical for rebound kicks. It can be either a forehand or a backhand. The name of the swing (loop-like) reveals the essence of the movement. The trajectory of the racket retraction and striking is a loop. The swing in this case is quite deep, which makes it possible to perform a powerful blow. This is very important for playing in the back line or for attacking aggressively from mid-range.
match point is the last point that decides the outcome of the match.
mattress a slang expression used in tennis to describe the string surface of a racket with poor tension. The elasticity of the reflective surface of the racket is the most important characteristic. There is a special measure of string tension, which is measured in kilograms or pounds. Universal tension ranges around 28 29 kg or 50 70 lb. If the string surface loses its optimal elasticity, then tennis players call the racket a "mattress". Playing with such a racket is quite difficult. If the strings are poorly stretched, the "shock spot" is artificially increased. However, ball control drops dramatically. In addition, playing "mattress", it is difficult to count on a strong and powerful blow. Professionals advise you to make a draw after every 40 hours of active use of the racket. This will allow you to maintain the string surface stiffness at an optimal level, which will save you from the dubious pleasure of playing lawn tennis with a "mattress".
meeting play in single individual competitions. A team competition consists of a certain number of meetings.
mistake Error – any action of a player that resulted in the loss of a point. This may be a bad hit or a violation of the rules. If a tennis player failed to break the ball to the opponents side or got into an out, then he made a mistake. There are forced and unintended mistakes. The first ones are the result of active actions of the opponent (for example, an aggressive exit to the net or an accurate shot to the line). An unforced error is the loss of a point in a simple situation (the player was in a comfortable position and had time to prepare a shot).The number of errors directly affects the result of the match. Most often, the player who managed to reduce this unpleasant indicator to a minimum becomes the winner of the meeting. The total number of errors is affected by the character and tactics of the tennis player. Aggressive attacking play always leads to more mistakes and inaccurate actions.
party alternative name for the set. In a three – set match, it is enough to win two games in total, and in a five-set match (majors) - three.
personally team competitions competitions (competitions) in which the results of individual teams performances and individual championship among all participants are summed up.
point minimum unit of account for a tennis match. In professional tennis, a special method of calculating points is used. For each draw won, the player receives a point. However, the score is not in the usual format (1, 2, 3, etc.). The first draw won corresponds to 15, the second – 30, and the third – 40. To win a game, you need to win four points and break away from the opponent by at least two. The main task of a tennis player is to transfer the ball to the opponents half of the field. Anyone who gets into the net or out, makes two touches of the ball on the court surface, or violates the rules during the draw, loses a point. A point can also be earned in one hit by completing a fly-out serve.
racket sports equipment designed for hitting the ball. The racket consists of a wooden base and various pads. It can have any size, shape, and weight, but its blade must be flat and rigid. At the same time, 85% of the blade thickness should be made of natural wood.
rehandling a slang expression that means playing on the back line at a slow pace. Tennis players do not use much effort, using the roll as a warm-up exercise. Such a relaxed version of the game helps to "acclimatize" on a particular court, get used to various external factors, feel the balls, racket and surface features. The rollover is not only a warm-up stage before the start of a tennis match. Often this version of the game can be found in sports clubs. Visitors who do not want to be burdened with the scoring procedure and tracking the out and other rules, simply transfer the ball from one half of the court to the other. Such a game is similar to relaxation with a sports bias. There is no place for excitement and emotions, which are often associated with determining the winner.
scraper a special device for leveling and cleaning the ground surface of tennis courts. After practical jokes, traces remain on this surface. In addition, bumps form during the game, which affect the bounce of the ball and reduce the safety of tennis players. That is why the travois is a mandatory equipment for clay courts. This device can be made of various materials (for example, an old grid). The main thing is that the drag should be large enough and perform its "leveling" functions well. As a rule, two or more similar instruments are used on the same court. This makes it possible to put the coating in order in a short period of time.
sponge porous rubber padding in the pads of the racket (sandwich): part of the overlay.
spoon a slang expression that in lawn tennis means serving from the bottom. When the ball is brought into play in this way, the string surface is almost parallel to the court (the top of the rim is tilted back) and moves up and forward. Thus, the ball is given an arc-shaped flight path. The spoon is almost impossible to see in professional tennis. However, history knows cases when pros also introduced the ball into the game in such an unusual way. Some experts believe that serving from below can be quite effective even at the highest level (especially in womens tennis). However, the "spoon" remains a serving that is more typical for amateurs or beginners.
strategy a set of general laws of athlete training and competitive wrestling.
stroke panel a slang expression that refers to an outline stroke. If one of the players is at the net or on the half court, his opponent can perform a kick, which will be an unsolvable task for the opponent. Circling strokes are a special highlight of any draw. Experienced players often punish tennis players who make an unprepared exit to the net in this way.
table sports equipment, which should hit the ball, interrupted by players through the net. The surface of the table should be in a strictly horizontal position, be smooth, matte and smooth. In the middle, the table is divided by a grid. Distinguish between the playing surface of the table, the edge of the table and the side surface of the table. In a doubles game, the table is divided lengthwise into two equal halves of the field of serves.
table tennis individual sports game, which is played according to certain rules by two (singles) or four (doubles) participants, a racket and a ball on a tennis table divided into two equal halves by a grid until one (one) of the opponents wins 11 points with an advantage of at least 2 points.
top spin is a technical technique that gives the ball a strong upper spin.
