sports dictionary Sailing
A BLOCK WITH A ROOT the block where the sling ends with a root. The latter is used to tie the block to any spar tree or rigging gear.
ACHTERSTEV (GOLL. ACHTERSTEVEN, ACHTER rear, steven’ stem, riser) a beam that makes up the rear end of the ship; the rudder is suspended from it.
ACROSTOL decorative aft tip.
AD BLOCKS the simplest mechanisms used for lifting heavy loads, as well as for changing the direction of cable travel when they are pulled.
ADMIRALTY ANCHOR anchor with two fixed horns, having triangular legs on their horns, and a rod fixed on the upper part of the spindle in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the horns. The name "admiralty anchor" appeared in 1352 after large field tests of anchors of various designs conducted by the British Admiralty.
ANAPA several cables fixed in the drilled edge of the mars platform and passing through a wooden block with holes anaput block. It is necessary in order to avoid snagging the topsails on the tops. It was installed between the leading edge of the mars and the rod.
ANCHOR BRACKET a bracket inserted by its bolt into the eye of the anchor spindle; it is used for attaching a chain rope to the anchor.
ANCHOR SPINDLE a massive rod, to the lower part of which the horns of the admiralty anchor or the legs of the retractor are attached.
ANGER MANAGEMENT a special type of rigging work, which consists in the following: on trentsovanny and tarred cable put kletnevina on the descent of the cable so that each of its slugs overlaps the next. Having thus covered the entire cable with kletnevin and strengthened its ends, they begin to impose a kletnya (shkimushgar, thin line or wire) around the cable, against its descent, using a half-musket.
ANKEROK (GOLL. anker) a wooden keg, with a capacity of anker wine. It is included in the supply of boats and serves to store fresh water reserves.
ARTEL association of sailors or soldiers in the Russian navy or army for the purpose of organizing food from a common cauldron, at the expense of the money they put on food. The farm of the artel was managed by an artisan, elected by soldiers or sailors. The craftsman was approved by the senior officer of the ship.
AUGER (STEM) a flat-bottomed, deckless Pomorsko-Novgorodskoe sailing and rowing fishing vessel that had one or two masts with straight sails; full of little more than 2 tons of cargo.
BACK-UP AREA short pendants supporting perts all over the yard in several places.
BACKSTAYS stand-up rigging that supports spar trees, laterals, davits, topmasts, chimneys, etc. from the sides.
BAKSHTOV a cable released behind the stern of an anchored vessel for securing dinghies, speedboats, and other small vessels.
BALLER steering axis of rotation, attached to the steering pen.
BALUSTRADE a chiseled rail that serves as a stepping stone for the stormtrap.
BANNIK a wooden cylindrical block with a brush, worn on the shaft. It is used for cleaning the gun channel from powder deposits.
BARBARY SHIP a single-decked ship, the prototype of which was the so-called Barbary ships of the XVI-XVII centuries that sailed off the coasts of Algeria and Tunisia. It had 2 masts with straight sails and 1 with slanting sails. Length 32 36 m, width 7 10 m; armament 34 44 guns.
BARK three-and five-masted sailing vessel for cargo transportation with straight sails on all masts, except for the aft one, carrying oblique sailing armament.
BARKALON sailing and rowing vessel with a length of approx. 35 m, width up to 9 m, draft up to 2.5 m; armament 26 44 guns.
BARKHOUT reinforced row of outer skin boards in the waterline area.
BATTERING RAM 1) a protrusion in the underwater part of a rowing fleet ship; 2) a tactical method of naval combat-a blow to the side of an enemy ship with your ram, as a result of which a hole was formed, and the enemy ship sank or failed.
BATTLE LINE battle formation of sailing ships built in a column for artillery combat.
BATTLESHIP a ship of the second half of the XIX-early XX century with powerful artillery armament and strong armor protection. Coastal defense battleships (displacement up to 8,000 tons) were intended for combat operations in coastal areas. The squadron battleship (10,000-17,000 tons displacement) was intended for naval combat as part of the squadron as the main strike force of the Fleet.
BATTLESHIP (BATTLESHIP) in the sailing fleet of the late 17th and mid-19th centuries, the largest three-masted warship with straight sails, with two or three gun decks, fought in a line (wake column). Displacement up to 5 thousand tons, armament up to 130 guns; in the steam fleet, a large warship with powerful artillery and armor for destroying ships of all classes in naval combat and delivering artillery strikes on coastal targets. Displacement 20 65 thousand tons, speed up to ZZ uz, armor thickness up to 483 mm. Armament: 8-12 guns with a caliber of 280 457 mm, up to 20 universal guns with a caliber of 100 152 mm, up to 140 anti-aircraft guns. The crew is up to 2,800 people.
BAYFOOT a piece of rope sheathed in leather, with the help of which the yard or gaff is held in girth at the mast or topmast. At the lower yards, the bayfoots are iron, with swivels.
BENZEL tying two cables with a thin cable or line. If it is made with a thick cable, it is called a knights rope.
BIKGED bulkhead in the bow of sailing vessels where the forecastle does not reach the stem.
BINNACLE a box or cabinet with a compass attached to it.
BIREMA rowing warship with two rows of oars.
BITENG wooden or metal bollard on the deck of a ship for attaching cables.
BLEED loosen or release the cable or tackle until it fails.
BLIND a sail that was placed under the bowsprit. He became attached to Blinda ray.
BLINDNESS gaff, or moustache branches, horizontally reinforced at the bowsprit tip for spreading standing rigging (topsail and bottom topsail of backstays).
BLOKSHIV the hull of a disarmed ship, adapted for housing, storing supplies, etc.
BOATSWAIN (GOLL. BOOTSMANN) senior member of the ships deck crew.
BOATSWAINS MATE senior non-commissioned officer in the Navy.
BOKANTSEV an old name for davits.
BOLLARDS paired metal cabinets, cast together with the base plate. Bollards are installed on the deck in the bow, stern and sides of the ship and serve to secure the cables when mooring.
BOM a word applied to all sails, rigging, spars and rigging belonging to the topmast topmast.
BOMBARDMENT SHIP a sailing two-masted ship armed with 12-14 large-caliber cannons or 2-4 mortars. It was used to bomb fortresses and ports. It had a reinforced hull design.
BOWLINE the tackle used to pull the windward side shkatorin of the lower straight sail.
BOWSPRIT a spar tree attached to the bow of a ship in the diametrical plane horizontally or at some angle to the horizontal plane. The standing rigging of the foremast topmasts, as well as the rigging of the jib sails, is attached to the bowsprit.
BRAID the end of a tackle that is braided in a special way to prevent it from falling off. Usually, the ends of all running rigging are cut with braids. In addition, braids cover the splashes on the rigging and slings of blocks, braid the hangings, etc.
BRAM a word added to the name of all sails, rigging, and rigging belonging to the topmast.
BRANDER a small sailing vessel (mostly a long-serving military or merchant ship), which was loaded with various combustible substances and was intended to destroy the enemy fleet by setting fire to its ships when they were closely connected with them.
BRANDWACHT (GERMAN: BRAND fire, wacht’ guard) a ship that performs a guard duty at the entrance to a harbor or port. At night, a blue duty light is set up in the guardhouse. Brandskugel (from German. Brand fire, Kugel core) incendiary projectile ship smoothbore artillery. It consisted of a hollow cast-iron core with holes, filled with an incendiary compound. It was used from the middle of the XVIII to the second half of the XIX century.
BRAS a piece of running rigging used to turn the yardarm in a horizontal plane (breaststroke the yardarm).
BRIG two-masted sailing ship of the XVIII-XIX centuries with direct sailing armament for patrol, messenger and cruising services. Displacement 200 400 tons, armament 10 24 guns. The crew is up to 120 people.
BRIGANTINE (IT. BRIGANTINO) two-masted sailing ship of the XVIII-XIX centuries with straight sails on the fore (fore) and with slanting sails on the rear (mainsail) the mast. Armament 6 8 guns. In the Russian Navy of the XVIII century, a sailing and rowing vessel for the transportation of cargo and troops. Armament 2 3 guns.
BUCKSHOT a short-range artillery shell designed to hit enemy personnel at a distance of up to 300 m. In the X-XX centuries. a projectile consisting of a cylindrical body filled with round bullets. When fired, the bullets tore through the shell body and flew out of the gun barrel in a sheaf.
BUIREP a cable attached to an anchor and equipped with a wooden or metal float (buoy) that indicates the location of the anchor on the ground.
Botik a small bot.
CABIN (GOLL. KAJUIT) separate accommodation on the ship; captains cabin, mechanics cabin, etc.
CABINS company canteen and recreation area for the ships command staff.
CABLE LENGTHS (APPROX. KABELTOUW) a measure of length equal to one tenth of a nautical mile, i.e. 608 feet, or 185.3 m. The term cables, as a measure of length, appeared due to the fact that the cable on the ship was taken a certain, equal length
CABLE SLACK sagging, excess loose tackle.
CABLES general name of rope and rope products. Depending on the material, the cables can be: steel, vegetable from grass and plant fibers (hemp, Manila, sisal, coconut, etc.), combined (from steel wires and vegetable fibers), as well as from artificial fibers (nylon, nylon, perlon). On warships, cables are used for standing and running rigging, for towing ends and mooring lines, in loading devices, in minesweeping, for securing objects on the ship, rigging operations, etc.
CABOTAGE (FRENCH: CABOTAGE) sailing from cape to cape, that is, coastal, performed using only navigational means of navigation.
CARGO BOOM a device for loading and unloading cargo. It is made of wood or metal and is equipped with rigging made of steel or vegetable cables.
CARGO SLING a device for lifting loads on a boom hook or crane. It is made of vegetable or steel cables.
CARRONADE a short cast-iron cannon.
CHARTER SERVICE rent, hire a ship for cruises, transportation.
CHEBEKA 1) a small three-masted sailing and rowing vessel with slanting sails; it was used in the Middle Ages on the Mediterranean Sea for messenger service and cargo transportation; 2) a Russian three-masted sailing and rowing ship of the second half of the XVIII century. It had up to 20 pairs of oars and from 30 to 50 small-caliber guns.
CHICKEN DISHES lengths of thin cable tied across the shrouds and acting as steps when climbing the shrouds to the masts and masts.
CHICKS allotments in the form of thick boards nailed to the mast from the sides, below the top. They serve to maintain long salings.
CHOOSE THE SLACK OF THE CABLE fit the tackle so that it does not sag.
CLEW hole in the side for the anchor chain.
CLICK HERE a knot in the form of a thickening at the end of the cable to hold or secure its root end.
CLIPPER SHIP sailing steam (screw) high-speed warship. Armed with 6-10 guns. It had a displacement of 600 to 1,500 tons. Klotik is a carved wooden circle worn on the top of a mast or flagpole. Covers the end of the mast from moisture. It has several pulleys or bales for halyards.
COAMINGS vertical steel sheets or wooden bars that protect cargo, light and similar hatches from water ingress into the premises. All doors on the ship also have coamings between 50 and 300 mm high.
COMPARTMENTS internal spaces on a ship, separated from each other by transverse or longitudinal watertight bulkheads.
COMPASS (GOLL. KOMPASS) the main navigation tool, shows the direction of the countries of the world and the direction in which the ship is going. Root end-the conventional name of the fixed or unused end of the cable.
CORSAIRS individuals operating on heavily armed light vessels against merchant shipping for the purpose of robbery.
CRINOLINE the paddock where the rowers were located.
CRUISERPLATE a word meaning that the parts of the spar, rigging, and sail before which it stands belong to the mizzen mast above its top.
CRUISING carry out patrol service in a certain area of the sea.
CUTTER the smallest single-masted vessel for patrol and messenger service. It was armed with 8-14 guns.
CUTTING THROUGH THE FORMATION (BATTLE LINES) a tactical device used by ships of the sailing fleet to break the enemys battle line and concentrate their efforts against the cut-off part of their forces. At the moment of passing between two enemy ships located in the battle line, the ship cutting through the formation was able to conduct heavy artillery fire from both sides simultaneously against two enemy ships. The fire hit the bow and stern of two enemy ships, the personnel on the upper deck, as well as the spars of enemy ships. On the other hand, the enemys fire was weak at that moment, since the bow and stern guns on sailing ships were many times smaller than the side guns. Cutting through the enemys formation in several places made it possible to attack its surrounded vessels from two sides "to take the enemy in two fires". This tactic was most successfully used in the Russian (Admirals F. F. Ushakov and D. N. Senyavin) and English (Admirals D. Rodney and G. Nelson) fleets.
DAVITS steel or wooden straight or curved beams with hoists attached to the sides of the ship; they are used for launching boats and lifting them.
DEADWEIGHT total cargo capacity of the vessel, expressed in metric tons by weight.
DEADWOOD aft end of the vessel in its underwater part between the stem and keel.
DECK the deck. The term applies to those decks on which artillery is installed (two-deck battleship, three-deck). The deck was also called the upper open deck, which is divided into the forecastle, waist, quarterdeck and quarterdeck, was called the "quarter deck", the next was called the "opera deck", even lower the "amidships deck", then the "gon deck", even lower the "orlop deck", or "forecastle", and"hold".
DIE CUT flat-bottomed barge with high sides; used for intermediate supports of floating bridges. Die-cut bridges are convenient because they can be moved aside at any time to free up part or all of the width of the river.
DIRECTION FINDER a device mounted on a compass that serves to take bearings or directions for terrestrial objects or celestial bodies.
DIRIC halyard is a piece of running rigging used for lifting.
DOCK a pool dug into the ground and connected to the harbor on one side. It is used for repairs, painting, and sometimes for building ships.
DRAEK a tool for rigging and sailing operations, which is a small cylindrical piece of wood with pointed ends. It is used as a lever when pulling out the ends.
DREADNOUGHT the general name of large artillery ships at the beginning of the XX century, which preceded the battleships with a displacement of 17,800 tons, which replaced the squadron battleships. Given by the name of the most powerful English battleship, built in 1905 1906.
DRIFT (FR. DERIVE) deviation of a moving vessel from its course under the influence of wind or current; drift of the vessel to the side when anchored.
DUBEL the boat was a rowing vessel of the 2nd half of the XVIII century. It had a deck, up to 20 pairs of oars, a removable mast with straight sails, 7-15 guns, 2 3 of them of large caliber.
EASE OF USE 1) a small bag made of woven cord, the size of a fist, filled with sand. Serves as cargo at the throwing end for its delivery; 2) in the merchant Navy, this term refers to the throwing end.
END OF RUNNING GEAR the conventional name of the end of the rope to which the pull is applied, as well as the end of the rope that is directly used (moved) when tying the knot.
ENTER drek is a small hand-held anchor cat. When boarding, he threw himself on an enemy ship for a more reliable grip on it.
ESCADRE (FRENCH: ESKADRE) a large compound of warships of various classes.
EYE CONTACT metal ring for securing cables, blocks, stoppers, mooring ends, etc. The eyes are installed on the deck and on the bulwark of ships, in the bow and stern ends of boats, as well as on berths and embankments.
EZELHOFT wooden or metal connecting clip with two holes. One hole is put on the top of the mast or topmast, and the second is shot (skipped) topmast or topmast.
FALIN a cable attached to the bow or stern eye of the boat.
FATHOM OF SEA 6 feet (1.83 m).
FENDERS rope-woven linings that are placed between the ship and the dock so that the board is not damaged.
FIN SHIPS small vessels that provide bases for large military vessels.
FIORD narrow and elongated in length, a deep, often branched sea bay with steep and high shores.
FLAGPOLE top of the topmost topmast. A flag is hoisted on the flagpole. On the aft flagpole (a post at the end of the stern), the aft flag is raised.
FLAGSHIP (GOLL. VLAGMAN) commander of a formation of warships (squadron, division), abbreviated name of the flagship.
FLEET operational association of the Navy intended for conducting military operations in the sea (ocean) theater.
FLOTILLA (FR. FLOTTOLLE) operational unification of the fleet. Flotillas can be sea, lake, or river flotillas.
FOCA yardarm lower yardarm on the foremast.
FOK straight sail, the lowest on the foremast (foremast) of the ship. It is attached to the fore-yard.
FORDUN stand-up rigging, which is a topmast attachment. The lower ends of the forduns are attached to the sides of the vessel, behind the shrouds.
FORECASTLE forward superstructure on the ships forecastle.
FOREMAN a military rank intermediate between colonel and general. In Russia, it was introduced by Peter I.
FREIGHT cargo transportation fee charged by shipowners.
FRIGATE a three-masted sailing ship with a powerful artillery armament (up to 60 guns located in two decks). It was smaller than a battleship, but had a higher speed. It was intended for long-range reconnaissance and cruising.
GAFF (GOLL. GAFFEL) a spar tree suspended obliquely from the mast and resting against it from behind, to which some of the sails were tied.
GAK a steel hook attached to the end of cables and chains, used for lifting boats, cargo and towing.
GALEAS (IT. GALEAZZA big galley) sailing and rowing warship in the XVI-XVII centuries. an intermediate type of ship between a galley and a sailing ship. Length approx. 80 m, width up to 9 m, one row of oars, 3 masts with slanting sails, crew more than 800 people, armament: up to 70 guns and ram.
GALERA rowing and sailing, two-three-masted military vessel with a length of up to 60 m with one row of oars (50 or more) and three square sails, armed with a surface ram, and later guns (up to 20). The crew reached 250 people. It was intended for action off the coast and in skerries.
GALETA rusk made from rye or wheat flour, used on ships of the military sailing fleet in the absence of bread.
GALLEY (GAL. KOMBUIS) kitchen on the ship.
GALLIOT (GALLIOT) sailing two-masted vessel with a displacement of 200 300 tons. It was used for messenger and transport services.
GARDEL running rigging on ships with straight sailing rigging, used for lifting the lower yards or gaff.
GEAR cut cables used for lifting (cleaning) sails and controlling them, as well as for rigging and other operations.
GEEK topiary gear that is superimposed on the end of the boom and serves to maintain it in a horizontal position.
GEMAM sailing and rowing frigate of the Swedish Navy. Armament: 18 32 guns.
GINTSY small hoists, the movable block of which is tied into some kind of tackle.
GITOVS flying rigging gear used for cleaning straight sails and trysails. The gits of straight sails pull the sheet corners of the sail up to the yard. The gits of the trisails pull the sail up to the gaff and mast.
GIVE AWAY THE END unscrew the end from the bollard by which it was wrapped, or release it if it is held in the hands: untie and release the end from the shore or from another vessel.
GORDEN a tackle that passes through a fixed single-shot block.
GRAB IT slightly fasten: fasten it quickly. To grab something with a bobbin means to tie it up temporarily.
GROTTO 1) the general name of the middle (highest) mast of sailing ships; 2) a straight sail, the lowest on the second mast from the bow (mainmast), is tied to the mainsail. 3) a word added to the names of yards, sails and rigging located above the top of the mainmast.
GUKOR sailing two-masted vessel with a wide bow and round stern with a displacement of 60,200 tons.
GUN CREW (GUN SERVANTS) personnel serving an artillery piece according to the combat schedule.
GUNBOAT (KANLODKA) artillery ship for conducting combat operations on rivers, lakes and in the coastal areas of the seas. Displacement of submarines: sea up to 2.5 thousand tons, river up to 1.2 thousand tons Armament of submarines: sea 2 5 75 152 mm guns, river 1 4 47 102 mm guns, as well as anti-aircraft guns and machine guns.
GUNNER an ordinary gunner in the sailing fleet.
GUNWALE the uppermost beam on the bulwark of deck vessels (bulwark continuation of the side above the open upper deck).
HEAD START a word added to the names of yards, sails, and rigging above the topmast and foremast.
HEAVYWEIGHT 1) cargo space weighing 10 tons or more; 2) cargo boom for lifting loads weighing more than 10 tons
HELMPORT a hole in the stern of the vessel through which the rudder baller (axis) passes. Above the helm port, the rudder baller passes through the helm port tube.
HEMP ROPE vegetable rope made from hemp bast fibers.
HOISTS a lifting device consisting of two blocks (movable and fixed) connected to each other by a cable, one end of which is fixed at one of the blocks.
HOLD the interior of the ship, lying below the lowest deck.
HUYS In Russia: A red flag with a blue St. Andrews Cross bordered by white stripes and a white straight cross. It is hoisted on a Flagpole on the bowsprit (from 8 a.m. to dusk) along with the aft Flag, but only during anchorage.
HUYSSTOCK the rack on which huys rises.
IOL small (up to 10 tons displacement) sailing two-masted fishing vessel. In the Russian Navy of the late XVIII-early XIX century, there were military floors armed with 1 7 guns.
JIB an oblique triangular sail placed in front of the foremast.
KABOLKA the thinnest part of a vegetable rope, twisted from hemp, agave or other plant fibers.
KALYSHKA a loop on the cable formed when it is excessively twisted.
KARBAS a medium-sized rowing fishing vessel with a single mast, found on the White Sea, was used as part of the skerry fleet to transport cargo and troops, and could accommodate up to 70 people.
KEEL the main longitudinal link of the ship, located along its entire length in the lower part along the diametral plane. On wooden ships, the keel consists of a beam protruding outwards, to which frames are attached; on metal ships, the keel is made of vertically placed sheets, fastened with strips of angular iron with sheets laid horizontally.
KEELING tilt the vessel on its side so that the keel comes out of the water.
KICKA a commercial sailing vessel in Northern Europe with a capacity of about 200 tons. In the 18th century, pinkies were used as military vessels in the Baltic Sea.
KINGSTON opening with a valve in the outer skin of the underwater part of the vessel for receiving or removing water.
KIP a chute on the cheeks, tops and pulleys of the blocks, a guide cable, as well as a hole in the bale bar that serves for wiring the cable.
KIP BAR it is used as a mooring or towing semi-lock in places where there is no bulwark. To reduce the friction of the cables, a vertical rotating roller is installed on the bale bar.
KLETEN a layer of shkimushgar, a thin line or wire, applied around the cable, against its descent, using a half-musket.
KNIPEL a projectile used to damage the spars and rigging of enemy sailing ships. It consisted of two cores or semi-cores connected by an iron rod or chain. Knipels were ineffective and quickly fell out of use.
KNITSA a piece of wood connecting the beams to the frames.
KNYAVDIGED ancient sailing ships have a prominent upper part of the water cut. The upper part of the knyavdiged was decorated with a carved figure.
KOCH seaworthy sailing vessel of northern and Siberian industrialists who made voyages to find new lands and islands.
KOCHMARA large sailing single-masted fishing boat.
KOFEL nagel is a wooden or metal rod with a handle at the upper end, inserted into the slot of the cofel of the plank for wrapping running rigging on it.
KONCHEBAS Turkish rowing single-masted vessel armed with light artillery.
KRAMBOL a thick short beam in the form of a console, extending over the side and supported from below by a knits called saportus. They were used in the sailing fleet on wooden ships to pull anchors to the board.
KRENGELS a ring made of strands of wire rope. Krengels replace slings, are built in shkatoriny of sails for vvyazyvaniye of spruits, are superimposed on a topmast under a topmast rigging.
KRUYT Kruit kamer is a powder magazine on a ship.
KUBRIK 1) living quarters for the crew; 2) the name of one of the decks of a sailing warship on which the crew lived.
KUMPANSTVO a partnership made up voluntarily of landowners to perform the duty of building ships.
LADDER stairs on the ship.
LAG a manual or mechanical device for measuring the speed of the ship.
LANSON one two-masted riverboat intended for the transportation of troops.
LAPPET a tether based between blocks or access points.
LATIN ARMAMENT triangular sails that were lashed with their upper shkatorina to a long composite rail that rose obliquely, that is, the rear corner was raised high, and the front one was lowered almost to the deck. This is one of the oldest types of sailing weapons, which has come down to our days almost unchanged.
LETTER OF MARQUE in the XV-XIX centuries. light armed seaworthy vessel of a private owner, equipped with the permission of the government of a belligerent state to fight against the sea trade of the enemy and those neutral powers whose ships were engaged in delivering military contraband items to the enemy. The owner of such a vessel received a letter of marque and could fly the flag of the State to which he served on the ship or ship.
LIKTROS soft cable used to cover the edges of sails.
LINEK a short rope, as thick as a finger, with a knot at the end, used to punish sailors in the old Navy.
LISEL slats of the slats to which the lisel is attached.
LISELI additional sails in the form of trapezoids, which were placed on the outer sides of straight sails on the sails.
LOCATION location of military units in garrisons and at the front.
LOCKER box or chest; installed in the interior of the ship, for storing personal belongings.
LODYA (ROOK) sea and river sailing and rowing vessel of the Slavs of the VI-XIII centuries, then the Pomors, adapted for long voyages. Length up to 20 m, width up to 3 m. Took up to 60 soldiers. Armament: battering ram, throwing machines. The construction of rooks was stopped in Russia at the beginning of the XVIII century.
LONG saling two wooden longitudinal beams attached to the lower part of the top of the mast or topmast and connected to each other by kraspits and chicks. Serve as the basis of Mars or saling.
LOT (GOLL. LOOD) a lead weight, or simply a load used for measuring depth.
LOT NUMBER description of the marine reservoir and a guide for swimming.
LOTLIN special rope (tench) on which the load is suspended (lot) for measuring depth.
LUGER a small three-masted warship of the first half of the XIX century. armed with 10-16 guns. They were used for the messenger service.
MAIN DECK third deck from below on large merchant ships.
MANILA TETHER cable made from the fiber of the leaves of the perennial herbaceous plant abaca spinning banana. Manila rope is 70% stronger than hemp rope and 25% lighter, it is not afraid of sea water. However, its fiber is less flexible than hemp and does not withstand the same resistance when tied in knots as hemp.
MANTYL a piece of cable that has a rod at one end and a koush at the other. A single-legged block with a long sling runs along the mantyl. With the help of a mantyl, they pull the standing rigging. For this purpose, lay it svitinem on the shroud (above the coml), in the sling of the block lay a lanyard, and in the koush gak seitaley.
MARS (MARS PAD) platform on the top of the composite mast, attached to the long salings and kraspits. On sailing ships, it serves as a place for spreading the shrouds and for some work when setting and cleaning sails. Rangefinders and small-caliber guns were installed on the tops of warships.
MARSEILLE the second lower sail on the mast, placed between the topsail yard and the lower yard.
MAST (GALL. RONDHOUT round tree) on ships of the sailing Fleet, a spar meant wooden or metal parts of the ships armament intended for carrying sails, performing cargo work, lifting signals, etc. (masts, topmasts, yards, gaff, booms, bowsprit, arrows, shots, utlegar, sails, spirits, etc.), which otherwise they are called spar trees. Then all the main parts of the spar (masts, bowsprit, yards) were made of steel or coposites.
MATELOT a nearby ship is in formation. It can be front, back, left, or right.
MIZZEN an oblique sail placed on a mizzen mast, the upper shkatorina of which is laced to the gaff, and the lower one is stretched along the boom by the mizzen sheet. The word "mizzen" is added to the names of all parts of the spars, rigging and sails attached to the mizzen mast. The exception is the lower yard, when the mizzen has straight sails in addition to the slant sail. Then the yard will be called "begin yard", and the word "hook" will be added to the details of the spar located above the topsail platform and on the topmasts.
MOORING AREA approach and secure the vessel with ropes (cables) to the berth, pier, wall or embankment, or to another vessel.
MOORING DEVICE spires, bollards, cleats, bale bars, bindings, etc. designed to hold a vessel at a berth or at the side of another from the bottom.
MOORING LINES a vegetable or steel cable used to secure the vessel at the berth (mooring cable).
MORTAR a large-caliber gun for mounted shooting; the barrel length is not more than 12 calibers.
MUSING a snap made not at the end of the tackle, but in the middle.
Marlinspike an iron conical nail (sometimes curved) with a flat head. It is used for punching cable strands and other rigging operations.
Martin boom is a spar tree that is fixed vertically under the bowsprit with its toe down. It is used for spreading the gear of standing rigging utlegar and bom utlegar rods.
NAGEL a wooden nail.
NAVE an ancient sailing ship, which became a large ship with straight sails and strong artillery armament as it developed in the XVI century; the prototype of sailing ships.
NAVIGATOR assistant to the captain, a specialist in navigation.
NOC the end of a spar tree located horizontally or at some angle to the horizon plane (boom, gaff, yard, etc.).
OCTANE angle-reflecting seaworthy instrument.
OF MARS gitovy is one of the running rigging devices used to remove topsails.
OGON a ring made of wire rope made at the end or in the middle of it. With this ring, the tackle is usually put on a spar tree.
OUTLINES external outlines of the ships hull, characterized by a theoretical drawing.
PACKET BOAT two-masted sailing vessel for mail transportation and messenger service. Displacement 200 400 tons, armament from 12 to 16 guns.
PAL a cast-iron pedestal dug into the ground, or several piles driven into the ground, for which mooring lines are started.
PENDANT WITH MUSINGS a vegetable cable with knobs made every 30 to 40 centimeters. It is used for climbing instead of ladders, for example, in a boat standing under a shot.
PERLIN cable-work cable, with a circumference of 4 to 6 inches (102 -152 mm).
PERTH cables fixed under the yards, on which people working on the yards stand.
POISON release or loosen the cable or tackle.
POLUYUT elevated part of the aft end of the ship or an additional deck above the poop deck.
PONTO (LATIN: PONTO bridge on boats’) a floating structure for maintaining various devices on the water at the expense of its own buoyancy reserve.
PORTHOLE glazed window on the ship. It has a round or rectangular shape, blind or opening, with or without waterproof covers. It is used for access to light and air in the ships rooms.
PRACTICAL ITEMS cast, forged and other parts and components of the ships equipment. Practical items include: bollards, wefts, shoulder straps, bales, screw lanyards, rail posts, portholes, awning posts, manhole covers, eye sockets, cleats, etc.
PRAM flat-bottomed artillery sailing ship of the XVIII century. Armament from 18 to 38 guns was used for operations in shallow water, near the coast and in rivers against fortresses and coastal fortifications
PRIVATEER a private individual who, with the permission of the supreme authority of a belligerent State, equips a vessel at his own expense for the purpose of capturing merchant ships of the enemy, and in certain cases of neutral Powers.
PULL OUT THE TACKLE release completely, loosen the tackle.
PULLEY a wheel made of metal or backwash, mounted on an axle and having a chute (kip) for a cable along the outer cylindrical surface.
PUTENS communication shrouds extending from the shrouds from under the mars to its side edges; they serve to strengthen the edges of the mars and do not allow it to bend up from the shroud of the shroud of the shrouds.
QUARTERDECK the uppermost platform or deck in the aft part of a sailing ship, where the officers of the watch were located and compasses were installed. Later, the quarter-deck was called the part of the upper deck of a warship between the main and mizzen masts. The quarterdeck was considered a place of honor on the ship: there, manifestos, orders, and sentences were read out before the formation. On the quarterdeck, it was forbidden to sit down and smoke to anyone except the commander (captain) of the ship and the flagship.
RAID part of the ports water area for anchoring vessels. The outer raid is not protected from wind and waves; the inner raid is protected by natural or artificial barriers from wind and waves.
RAILING a metal rod or tightly stretched vegetable or steel cable used for tying sails, pulling down awnings, drying clothes, etc. Rails are also called strut-mounted cables that replace the bulwark of a ship, and cables that are stretched to prevent people from falling overboard during a storm.
RAWLS a roller that is cast from cast iron or steel, or carved from strong wood and rotates freely on its axis. For example, you can place the rolls in bale bars or separately to guide the cable, support the steering rods, and so on.
REAR GUARD (FROM THE FRENCH ARRIERE rear) the rear part of the formation, groups or detachments of ships that followed the main forces of the fleet and covered them from the rear.
RIGGING the general name of all rigging, which is generally the armament of a ship or the armament of a spar tree. The rigging that serves to hold the spar in the proper position is called standing, while the rest is running.
RIVERBEDS platforms on the outer sides of a sailing vessel, located at the level of the upper deck against the masts. They are used to separate the shrouds, which are fastened with shrouds.
ROSTERS a set of spare spar trees on a sailing vessel. All spare spars were stacked together on the waist. Rosters later became known as the part of the deck of the middle superstructure where the boats were located. Rostrums above the main deck support the pillars.
ROWING FLEET (GALLEY, SKERRY) formations of combat and auxiliary vessels, the main propulsion of which was oars. It was intended for operations in skerries and estuaries. The rowing fleet included galleys, scampaways, brigantines, dowel boats, etc.
RUMBH direction from the center of the visible horizon to the points of its circumference. The entire horizon, like the cartouche, is divided into 32 points. A point also denotes the angle between the two nearest whole points. In this sense, 8 points equals 90?, and 1 point equals 11?. In our time, the score goes not by points, but by degrees.
RUMPEL (GOAL. ROERPEN, ROER oar, rudder’) part of the steering device of a ship. Transmits torque from the force generated by the steering machine or manually.
RUNNING GUN a gun on sailing ships, mounted to shoot directly at the bow.
RYBINY wooden boards made of slats that are placed on the bottom of the boat in order to protect the skin from damage by feet.
SALING a wooden or steel structure that serves to connect the wall and its extension to the height of the topmast, and the topmast of the topmast with the topmast of the topmast and to separate the sides of the topmast and topmast of the shrouds. The saling represents a frame from two longitudinal bars of long salings of two three kraspits bars crossing with long salings and the short bar parallel to kraspits, chaka.
SCAMPAWAY Russian small galley of the beginning of the XVIII century. for operations in skerries, she had up to 18 pairs of oars and 1 2 masts with triangular sails, 1 2 small-caliber guns. It transported up to 150 people.
SCHAUTBENAIT (GOAL BY SCHAUT BEJ NACHT night observer’) admiral rank in the Russian Navy in the first half of the XVIII century: corresponded to the rank of rear admiral. During the campaign, he was on the lead ship and monitored the situation.
SCHOONER a sailing vessel that has two or more masts with slanting sails. Seaworthy, can go steeply to the wind. Schooners of the Russian Fleet had up to 16 guns.
SCHOONER MAGAZINE the main official document on the ships of the Russian sailing fleet. In the schooners logbook, all events that occurred on the ship during the voyage or its anchoring were recorded in chronological order continuously, from the moment the ship entered the campaign. In 1869, it was renamed the logbook.
SCHWYZ sarven sling a sling used to tighten the lower shrouds under the topsail when the putens shrouds are attached to the lower shrouds.
SCREW TURNBUCKLE device for fitting standing rigging, shturtros, handrails, etc.
SEAMAN a person from the top crew on the ship.
SEZEN a braid with a point on one end and a braid on the other. It has different names depending on its destination or location; for example, Sezen reef.
SHEET SIZE a tackle fixed to the lower angle of the straight or lower rear angle of the slant sail (sheet angle) and held in the direction of the stern of the vessel. The sheets hold the lower shkatorin of the sail in the desired position. Sheets are also called tackle fixed to the upper corners of the emergency patch.
SHIP (GR. KARABOS) the same as a ship, i.e. a floating structure for the transportation of passengers and cargo, water fishing, mining, as well as for military purposes.
SHIP RECRUITMENT frame, the skeleton of a ships hull, consisting of longitudinal and transverse links.
SHIPS DRAFT distance from the cargo waterline of the lowest point of the protruding part of the vessel.
SHIPYARD (GOLL. WERFT) place where ships were built.
SHITIK a small flat-bottomed sailing vessel, parts of the hull of which were sewn with belts or vines (juniper and spruce twigs). Length 10 m, width up to 4 m.
SHKENTROSY short ropes, which are attached by one of their ends to the grommets at the small bases of the bunk suspension, and the other is connected at the rings that have shterty.
SHKIMUSHGAR single-row tench, twisted from borodochnaya hemp. Usually it is twisted from two or three kabolok.
SHNYAVA a small two-masted merchant or military vessel of the XVIII-XVIII centuries. similar to a schooner. Displacement up to 150 tons, armament 14-18 small caliber guns. The crew is up to 80 people. It was intended for intelligence and messenger services.
SHROUDS (GOLL. WANT) standing ship rigging gear. They are made of steel or hemp rope and serve to strengthen the mast, being guy wires to the side and several in the stern.
SHTAGI standing rigging gear that supports vertical mast trees, masts, and so on in the centreline.
SHTERT a short, thin cable or line used for any auxiliary purposes.
SHTURTROS a cable based between the steering wheel and the tiller and passing through a series of fixed blocks. It is used to transfer forces from the steering wheel to the tiller and through it to the steering wheel.
SKERRIES (SWEDISH. SKAREN rock, hindrance’) accumulation in the coastal area of small, mostly rocky islets separated by narrow straits, surface and underwater rocks and stones. They are distributed off the coasts of Finland, Sweden, Norway, Scotland, Canada, etc. Skerries are up to 100 miles wide.
SKHETBOT a small shallow-draft sailing and rowing vessel for sailing and military operations in skerries.
SKIPPER (GOLL. SCHIPPER) owner of ships property and material supplies of a warship, captain of a commercial sailing vessel.
SLIPWAY a structure for building a ship and launching it into the water.
SLOOP (SMALL CORVETTE) three-masted warship of the second half of the XVIII-beginning of the XIX century. with direct sailing armament. Displacement up to 900 tons. armament: 10 28 guns. It was used for patrol and messenger services and as a transport and expedition vessel.
SLUG a loop of cable formed when it is encircled around an object.
SLUGS an iron or wooden bar inserted into the spur of the topmast to hold it in place.
SMACK two-masted cargo ship of the first half of the XVIII century: used in the Baltic and Caspian Seas.
SORLIN a line or chain; attached at one end to the leading edge or to the upper part of the rudder feather that protrudes above the water, and at the other end to the vessel. Sorlins purpose is to hold the steering wheel if it comes off its hinges.
SPIRE a large gate with a vertical axis used for lifting anchors and selecting mooring ends.
SPIRE DRUM rotating part of the spire used for selecting the anchor chain or mooring cable.
SPLESEN cable connection at the break point: the place where the broken cable was joined.
SPRING a cable placed in the anchor anchor bracket or a chain attached to the anchor to hold the vessel in a given direction in order to make the most effective use of onboard artillery.
STANDART flag of the head of state raised at the place of his stay. Officially adopted under Peter I.
STANDERS hollow cast high strut into which a davit or trapdoor is inserted that does not pass through the deck of the ship.
STANDING RIGGING rigging that serves to support and strengthen the spar.
STARN timbers are beams in the stern of a wooden ship that go above the transoms.
STAYSAILS oblique sails of triangular shape.
STEAMER FRIGATE a warship of the transition period from a sailing to a steam fleet, which had sails and a steam engine as its engine.
STEERING WHEEL FEATHER active part of the steering wheel.
STEM a beam forming the forward end of the vessel (continuation of the keel in the bow).
STEN abbreviation of the word "topmast"; is added to the name of parts belonging to the topmast; for example, shroud sten, sten poles, etc.
STEPS the socket into which the mast is inserted with its spur.
STORMTRAP rope ladder with wooden steps, lowered along the outer side or suspended from the shot and used for climbing to the ship.
STRANGE cable components that are used to twist cables for cable work. Strands are made from strands, strands are made from bobbins, and bobbins are made from plant fibers or wire.
STRINGER longitudinal connection of the hull set, running along its entire length. Depending on the purpose of the stringer, they are called bottom, zygomatic, side and deck.
SVITEN the end of the cable, braided with a braid.
TACK the ships course is relative to the wind; if the wind blows to starboard, then the ship is said to be on the starboard tack, if to port, then on the port tack.
TAKE THE REEFS to reduce the sail area: by folding it from below and tying the folded part of the reef with the sterns at the slanting and boat sails; by picking up the sail up and grabbing its reef with the straps to the rail on the yardarm at the straights.
TAMPING DOWN a wooden lever used to rotate the spire manually.
TANK (GOLL. BAK) superstructure in the forward part of the deck, reaching to the stem. The tank used to be called the bow of the upper deck (in front of the foremast). It is used to protect the upper deck from being flooded by an oncoming wave, increase unsinkability, place service rooms, etc. The tank also indicates dishes used for eating by the crew on the ship.
TANKER cargo ship intended for transportation in tanks, oil, gasoline and other liquid cargo.
THE FIGHT temporary attachment of the end of the cable to its middle using a tench or shkimushgar.
THE HARBOUR (GOLL. HAFEN) protected area in the port for parking, loading and unloading of vessels.
THE MAST vertical mast tree. Masts are used for setting sails, cargo booms, signalling and communication devices, for hoisting flag signals, etc.
THE PEG a type of knot for shortening the tackle or a loop made for any purpose on the cable.
THE PENDANT a short cable with a koush or block used for lifting boats or cargo.
THE PILOT (GOLL. LOODSMAN) a person who measures the depth with a lot and therefore knows the nature of the coast. Guides ships to ports, through channels, on skerries, and other places where a good knowledge of the coast, passages, currents, fairways, etc. is required.
THE SEA MILE a marine unit of length used for measurements at sea, equal to 1,852 m. The old Russian mile was 7.468 m.
THE SHIP IS NEWLY INVENTED a type of warship used in the Russian Navy during the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1791. It was distinguished by its reduced size, low hull strength,and poor seaworthiness. Corvette (Latin corbita ‘ship’) in the XVIII-XIX centuries. a three-masted ship with a displacement of 400 600 tons with full direct sailing armament, had up to 32 guns. It was used for messenger service, sometimes for cruising operations. Since the 40s of the XIX century. wheeled, and then screw sailing and steam ship (displacement of 3500 tons, speed up to 14 knots).
THE STRAND the second thickest component of the cable, twisted from kabolok. In steel cables, strands are twisted from galvanized wires.
THE TREND the joint of the lower ends of the horns and the lower part of the admiralty anchor spindle.
THROWING END a tench that has a canvas bag (weight) stuffed with sand and braided on top at one end. With the help of the throwing end, mooring cables are fed to the berth (or from the berth to the ship).
TIMBEROVKA major repairs of a sailing vessel.
TOPENANT running tackle: rigging attached to the yardarm and used to set the yardarm at one or another angle to the horizontal plane. Topenant is also called a tackle that supports the knock of a cargo boom, boom, gaff.
TOPMAST (GOLL. STENG) extension of the upper end of the ships mast, used for attaching radio antennas, signal yards, ship lights, gaff bars, sails.
TOPSAIL a straight sail hoisted on the topmast over topsail. Depending on the belonging to a particular mast, it is respectively named: on the foremast fore-topgallant, on the mainmast main-topgallant and on the mizzen-topmast hook-topgallant.
TRACKATR a small sailing transport vessel with a payload capacity of up to 100 tons.
TRANSOM the lower part of a straight stern, built with horizontal beams; on boats, a board forming the stern, to which the outer skin is attached.
TRAVERSE direction perpendicular to the ships heading.
TRENTSEVANIE a special type of rigging work, which consists in the following: a tightly stretched and smeared cable is wrapped around the descent with a shkimushgar, a line or a thin cable called a "tren" in order to fill in the recesses (furrows) between the strands of the rope being trenched. After that, the rub is run along the descent with a roller, so that it lies level and fills the gaps between the strands. This is done in order to prevent the accumulation of water in the depressions.
TRIM (FR. DIFFERENCE) difference between the bow and stern recesses; if the difference is in the direction of the stern recess, the ship is said to have a stern trim; otherwise, the ship has a bow trim.
TRIS blind rays bras.
TRISEL an oblique square sail placed on the mast.
TUG BOAT 1) a cable used to tow vessels; 2) a towing vessel intended for towing other vessels.
UDAMA (UNDEMA, UDEMA) Swedish galley-type vessel with folding freeboards, which in calm weather or in battle were lowered for setting oars or guns. In fresh weather, the sides were raised. Length 31 m, width 10 m, draft 1.83 m. Armament: 16 pairs of oars, 10 12-pounder guns. The crew is 100-110 people.
VANT putens are iron chains or strips, the lower end of which is attached from the outside to the side of the ship, and the upper end is laid behind the lower yufers. Not to be confused with track shrouds.
VATER backstays-standing bowsprit rigging, loosening it in the horizontal plane, going to both sides of the vessel.
VEGETABLE CABLE rope made from plant fibers (hemp, abaca, agave, coconut, etc.)
VERP an auxiliary ships anchor of a smaller mass than the stanovoy, which serves to remove the ship from the shoal by delivering it in boats.
VYMPEL (GOLL. WIMPEL) a long, narrow flag with pigtails, hoisted on the mast of a warship in Campania.
WAIST (GOLL. SCHAVOT rack’) wide boards laid horizontally along the sides of a sailing vessel. They were used for passage from the forecastle to the quarterdeck or quarterdeck.
WATERLINE the line of contact between the calm surface of the water and the hull of a floating vessel.
WATERWAYS thick wooden deck beams running along the sides of the entire vessel. They are used for longitudinal fastening of the vessel and water flow.
WHALEBOAT (GOLL. WALBOOT) a long, narrow dinghy with a sharp bow and stern. The name is derived from the original type of dinghy used by whalers.
WHISTLES a thin cable connecting the outer ends of the rammers inserted into the spire sockets. It is used so that the rammers do not jump out of their places if the spire starts to rotate in the opposite direction. Swish also serves to make it possible to put more people on the spire, since the latter can be rotated for swish with the same success as for ramming.
WINDLASS the machine for lifting anchors, unlike the spire, has a horizontal shaft.
YANDEX. DIRECT ADS anchor rope of a boat anchor (drek).
YANDEX. DRIVE tackle for lifting the top of the yard.
YOKE WITH BUTTOCKS steel ring with tides having holes, put (stuffed) on the mast or yard to strengthen it with guy ropes or to connect its components (masts, yards).
YUFERS round wooden block without pulley with three through holes. On ancient sailing ships, the Yufers were tied into the lower ends of the shrouds.
admiralty house 1) in the XVIII-XIX centuries. the place of construction, armament and repair of ships, where shipyards, slipways, docks, workshops and warehouses are concentrated; 2) the fleet management body.
apartments a maester is a junior non-commissioned officer in the Navy.
bandage device for temporary sealing of damage in the underwater part of the ships hull. It could be made from several layers of canvas with water-resistant impregnation or from several layers of boards with canvas lining.
bull gorden is a piece of running rigging that is used to pull the lower shkatorin of a straight sail to the yard when cleaning sails.
cruiser a large ship with strong artillery, torpedo weapons, and a large speed and range of navigation. The main purpose is to conduct combat at sea with enemy cruisers, destroy coastal objects, cover convoys and amphibious landings, act on enemy sea communications, set up minefields, etc. The modern Navy has anti-submarine cruisers.
duck a chiseled wooden plank or casting that is fixed permanently and serves to attach thin cables, such as flags, halyards.
luff sail edge sheathed with lyctros.
outrigger a spar tree that serves as a continuation of the bowsprit.
pavilion a wooden plank suspended from a gorden and used as a seat for people climbing masts, chimneys, etc., as well as for going overboard.
plough Russian flat-bottomed sailing and rowing vessel used for the transportation of people and cargo.
port hermetically sealed cutouts in the sides of ships.
screen an ironclad coastal defense tower ship with a light draft. Displacement of monitors: sea up to 8000 tons, river up to 1900 tons. Armament: 2 3 large caliber guns (up to 381 mm). It was named after the first ship of this class, the Monitor, built in the United States in 1861.
seagull deckless flat-bottomed boat of Zaporozhye Cossacks of the XV-XVII centuries. in the form of a huge hollowed-out deck, along the sides sheathed with boards. The length is about 18 m, the width and height of the sides are up to 4 m. A reed belt was attached outside the sides to increase stability and buoyancy. The canoe had transverse bulkheads and benches, a mast with a sail, 10-15 pairs of oars, but an owl and a stern rudder, and could accommodate up to 70 people. Armament 4 6 falconets (30 mm guns).
shop floating warehouse.
shot a horizontal spar tree suspended under water perpendicular to the ships side. The shot is intended for fixing boats, as well as for landing in the boats of the ships crew members.
spardeck the upper light deck, which extended from stem to after stem and was located above the main deck. Currently, spardek is often referred to as medium superstructures on ships.
stamp several tightly superimposed cable ties at the end of the cable to prevent it from unraveling.
this hoists hoists based between two-link and single-link blocks. They are used for fitting standing rigging and for lifting loads.
yut the aft part of the ships upper deck or the aft superstructure on the ship.
